Table 1 Site characteristics and soil chemical properties at the three study sites

Localization

52°15′N, 17°04′E

52°19′N, 16°55′E

51°41′N, 16°01,E

Soil type

Eutric cambisols

Podsols

Podsols

Area size (ha)

0.51

0.3

0.43

Spacing of trees (m)

1.5 × 0.5

1.5 × 0.75

1.5 × 0.75

Mean annual temperature (2000–2002)

9.7

9.7

9.8

Mean annual precipitation (2000–2002)

581

581

672

pH_H2O

6.7 a^a

4.5 b

6.6 a

pH _KCl

5.6 a

3.7 b

5.9 a

N-NH₄ (mg g⁻¹)

0.93 b

0.92 b

1.51 a

N-NO₃ (mg g⁻¹)

0.22 a

0.16 b

0.14 b

P (mg kg⁻¹)

4.6 a

1.2 b

1.5 b

K (mg kg⁻¹)

39.2 a

13.5 b

42.4 a

Ca (mg kg⁻¹)

273 a

25.2 b

287 a

Mg (mg kg⁻¹)

21.5 a

5.7 b

20.8 a

Cu–total (mg kg⁻¹)

6.9 b

1.9 c

267.1 a

Cu–EDTA (mg kg⁻¹)

4.6 b

1.2 b

156.2 a

Pb–total (mg kg⁻¹)

7.9 b

5.8 b

81.4 a

Pb–EDTA (mg kg⁻¹)

5.3 b

3.7 b

49.1 a

Zn–total (mg kg⁻¹)

6.3 b

1.6 c

29.8 a

Zn–EDTA (mg kg⁻¹)

4.0 b

1.0 c

18.5 a

Cd–total (mg kg⁻¹)

0.11 b

0.10 b

0.45 a

Cd–EDTA (mg kg⁻¹)

0.07 b

0.07 b

0.29 a

Al (mg kg⁻¹)

43.2 b

87.7 a

52.3 a

Mn (mg kg⁻¹)

29.2 a

6.8 b

3.3 c

Fe (mg kg⁻¹)

71.3 a

49.6 b

89.5 a