Relationships between biochemical attributes (non-structural carbohydrates and phenolics) and natural durability against fungi in dry teak wood (Tectona grandis L. f.)

Niamké, Florence Bobelé; Amusant, Nadine; Charpentier, Jean-Paul; Chaix, Gilles; Baissac, Yves; Boutahar, Nabila; Adima, Augustin Amissa; Kati-Coulibaly, Séraphin; Jay-Allemand, Christian

doi:10.1007/s13595-011-0021-2

Annals of Forest Science

Table 2 Quantitative variations between trees in the content of phenolic compounds (hydroxycinnamic acid derivative H1, the unknown compound P1, tectoquinone, 2-hydroxymethylantraquinone, 1,4 naphthoquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, and lapachol) contents expressed as mg equivalent 5-methoxyflavone g⁻¹ dw and non-structural carbohydrates (starch, expressed as μmol equivalent glucose bond g⁻¹ dw; glucose, fructose, and sucrose expressed as μmol g⁻¹ dw) in sapwood and heartwood. Mass loss (%) is the amount of wood degraded by fungi used for durability tests

From: Relationships between biochemical attributes (non-structural carbohydrates and phenolics) and natural durability against fungi in dry teak wood (Tectona grandis L. f.)

				Non-structural carbohydrates				Phenolic compounds
Tree	Wood samples	Mass loss (%)	Relative radial position	Glucose	Fructose	Sucrose	Starch	H1	P1	1,4 Naphthoquinone	2-(Hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone	Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid	Lapachol	Tectoquinone
1	Sapwood	nd	0.90	9.32 (0.20)	8.13 (0.14)	3.96 (0.21)	67.28 (3.31)	0.11 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.12 (0.06)
	Outer heartwood	0.10	0.60	0.26 (0.02)	0.08 (0.01)	0.02 (0.00)	0.53 (0.10)	0.00 (0.00)	6.29 (0.75)	0.14 (0.05)	4.46 (0.53)	0.56 (0.06)	0.05 (0.01)	9.86 (1.69)
	Middle heartwood	nd	0.40	0.19 (0.03)	0.01 (0.01)	0.14 (0.06)	0.40 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)	4.56 (0.41)	0.10 (0.01)	3.49 (0.47)	0.67 (0.09)	0.51 (0.15)	12.07 (1.38)
	Inner heartwood	nd	0.15	0.18 (0.02)	0.05 (0.01)	0.05 (0.01)	0.23 (0.03)	0.00 (0.00)	5.85 (0.87)	0.18 (0.06)	5.01 (0.99)	0.77 (0.29)	0.28 (0.21)	9.25 (1.23)
2	Sapwood	nd	0.90	9.91 (1.95)	12.03 (1.59)	2.47 (0.18)	84.79 (1.19)	0.10 (0.03)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.06 (0.01)
	Outer heartwood	2.80	0.60	0.16 (0.02)	0.14 (0.04)	0.03 (0.01)	0.48 (0.07)	0.00 (0.00)	3.88 (0.36)	0.10 (0.02)	4.14 (0.32)	0.51 (0.03)	0.06 (0.01)	7.47 (1.08)
	Middle heartwood	nd	0.40	0.06 (0.01)	0.07 (0.01)	0.07 (0.01)	0.29 (0.05)	0.00 (0.00)	2.23 (0.08)	0.11 (0.01)	2.86 (0.30)	0.31 (0.02)	0.04 (0.00)	5.98 (0.18)
	Inner heartwood	nd	0.15	0.07 (0.01)	0.04 (0.01)	0.06 (0.01)	0.22 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	2.41 (0.37)	0.03 (0.00)	1.31 (0.13)	0.13 (0.02)	0.01 (0.01)	3.30 (0.36)
3	Sapwood	nd	0.90	16.00 (0.85)	13.16 (0.96)	3.44 (0.83)	72.61 (2.36)	0.31 (0.03)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.10 (0.03)
	Outer heartwood	8.20	0.60	0.30 (0.12)	0.18 (0.09)	0.35 (0.23)	3.66 (1.01)	0.00 (0.00)	2.42 (0.48)	0.14 (0.04)	1.34 (0.35)	0.22 (0.07)	0.64 (0.26)	7.47 (2.62)
	Middle heartwood	nd	0.40	0.20 (0.08)	0.16 (0.06)	0.06 (0.02)	0.58 (0.30)	0.00 (0.00)	1.08 (0.45)	0.05 (0.02)	0.58 (0.17)	0.51 (0.15)	0.39 (0.10)	5.34 (0.60)
	Inner heartwood	nd	0.15	0.23 (0.13)	0.18 (0.07)	0.10 (0.04)	0.46 (0.08)	0.00 (0.00)	0.81 (0.22)	0.04 (0.00)	0.49 (0.14)	0.46 (0.06)	0.24 (0.04)	4.49 (0.39)
4	Sapwood	nd	0.90	15.84 (1.15)	14.77 (1.91)	8.74 (0.95)	82.87 (1.92)	0.25 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.08 (0.03)
	Outer heartwood	8.10	0.60	0.43 (0.21)	0.14 (0.02)	0.21 (0.01)	0.53 (0.08)	0.00 (0.00)	2.42 (0.75)	0.13 (0.04)	1.83 (0.77)	0.73 (0.15)	0.09 (0.02)	5.44 (0.56)
	Middle heartwood	nd	0.40	0.12 (0.02)	1.50 (2.37)	2.16 (1.81)	0.34 (0.06)	0.00 (0.00)	1.19 (0.35)	0.08 (0.03)	1.10 (0.38)	0.53 (0.07)	0.12 (0.01)	4.96 (0.51)
	Inner heartwood	nd	0.15	0.11 (0.01)	0.11 (0.02)	0.09 (0.04)	0.24 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	1.20 (0.25)	0.01 (0.01)	1.81 (0.43)	0.54 (0.04)	0280 (0.56)	7.30 (1.25)
5	Sapwood	nd	0.90	9.53 (4.92)	12.98 (0.02)	6.45 (0.04)	21.77 (1.30)	0.40 (0.07)	0.00 (0.04)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.14 (0.01)
	Outer heartwood	13.00	0.60	0.13 (0.00)	0.14 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)	0.12 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.25 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	0.25 (0.00)	0.16 (0.00)	0.03 (0.00)	2.66 (0.06)
	Middle heartwood	nd	0.40	0.08 (0.00)	0.02 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.44 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.46 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	0.33 (0.01)	0.22 (0.00)	0.02 (0.00)	2.68 (0.11)
	Inner heartwood	nd	0.15	0.24 (0.03)	0.08 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.12 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.51 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	0.43 (0.00)	0.11 (0.00)	0.10 (0.00)	3.30 (0.07)
6	Sapwood	nd	0.90	10.65 (0.02)	21.64 (0.97)	4.19 (0.95)	75.99 (0.72)	0.20 (0.05)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.04 (0.00)
	Outer heartwood	14.50	0.60	0.18 (0.01)	0.21 (0.13)	0.12 (0.05)	0.43 (0.19)	0.00 (0.00)	0.75 (0.55)	0.13 (0.03)	1.27 (0.38)	0.90 (0.14)	0.09 (0.02)	5.62 (0.32)
	Middle heartwood	nd	0.40	0.06 (0.00)	0.09 (0.01)	0.2 3(0.07)	0.14 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	0.05 (0.02)	0.03 (0.00)	0.28 (0.03)	0.39 (0.04)	0.03 (0.01)	2.48 (0.04)
	Inner heartwood	nd	0.15	0.08 (0.02)	0.25 (0.13)	0.10 (0.04)	0.18 (0.04)	0.00 (0.00)	0.14 (0.02)	0.02 (0.00)	0.27 (0.07)	0.06 (0.03)	0.05 (0.03)	1.08 (0.35)

Values are mean of four separate analyses for sapwood and heartwood for trees 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 (except for the tree 6 where two samples of middle heartwood were collected) and three separate analyses for sapwood and heartwood except for trees 4. Standard deviations are in brackets (nd = not determined)

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