Table 1 Abbreviations

A _V

Projected area of high-resolution virtual crown projections with flexible angles, executed on the measured 3D point cloud of trees

A₈

Projected area of 8-point projections with flexible angles, measured on trees in the forest

A_{V8 fixed}

Projected area of virtual 8-point projections with fixed angles, calculated from the crown silhouettes used for A_V

Bv

Height of crown base from the virtual model

B _T

Height of crown base from triangulation measurements

CHA_V

Projected area of the convex hull resulting from high-resolution virtual crown projections

CHA₈

Projected area of the convex hull resulting from 8-point projections with flexible angles on trees in the forest

H _v

Tree height from the virtual model

H _T

Tree height from triangulation measurements

SCI

Space capture index, defined in 2D as the ratio between captured area in indentations of the crown projection polygon and its convex hull area (Fig. 4)

 Ac

Acer campestre

 Apl

Acer platanoides

 Aps

Acer pseudoplatanus

 Cb

Carpinus betulus

 Fs

Fagus sylvatica

 Fe

Fraxinus excelsior

 Qr

Quercus robur

 Tc

Tilia cordata

 Tp

Tilia platyphyllos