Fig. 2

Negative effect of local asymmetric competition by Abies and/or Fagus larger individuals (canopy trees and taller saplings i.e. with dbh greater or equal to the dbh of the subject; SDLfa is the sum of the diameters of these individuals, within the same 100 m² cell) on the height growth of a sapling of either Abies, Fagus or Pinus nigra. The sapling height increment is expressed in relative value (as divided by its potential height growth, HdomINC5, see Eq. 5). Two basal area levels (NBA, neighboring basal area for the cell bearing the tree and the eight neighboring cells) are considered : 15 m²/ha (thin lines) and 40 m²/ha (thick lines); Pinus nigra regeneration is sensitive also to this factor. In the case presented, sapling height (H) is fixed to 3.5 m with a lag of 30% (Hlag = 0.30); maximum tree height (Hmax) on the same cell is 15 m