Evaluation of the flammability of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) managed by prescribed burning

Table 2 Parameters selected for the analysis of different flammability components in the experimental tests (adapted from White and Zipperer 2010)

Components	Test responses	Units
Ignitability	Ignition time (TTI)^a,b	s
Combustibility	Visual flame height (FH)^b	cm
	Rate of temperature increase (RTI)^a,b	°C/s
	Rate of heat release (HRR)^a,b,c	kW/m²
	Peak temperature and time to reach this (PT, t_PT)^b	°C, s
	Peak heat release rate and time to reach this (PHRR, t_PHRR)^a	kW/m², s
Sustainability	Duration of visual flaming (FD)^a,b	s
	Duration of elevated temperatures (T > 300)^b	s
	Total heat release (THR)^a	MJ/m²
	Average effective heat of combustion (AEHC)^a,b	MJ/kg
	Gross heat of combustion (GHC)^a,d	MJ/kg
Consumability	Mass loss rate (MLR)^a,b	g/s
Consumability	Residual mass fraction (RMF)^a,b	%

^aVariables measured in bench-scale tests (mass loss calorimeter) to characterize plant parts
^bVariables measured in full-scale tests (wind tunnel) to characterize whole plant
^cAverage value corresponding to the duration of the flaming phase
^dObtained in an oxygen bomb calorimeter

ISSN: 1297-966X