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Table 1 Site description and characteristics of sample trees (in order of increasing altitude)

From: Drought sensitivity of Norway spruce is higher than that of silver fir along an altitudinal gradient in southwestern Germany

Site

Site nr

Altitude (m a.s.l)

No. of trees

Time span (all trees)

Age (years)

DBH (cm)

Tree height (m)

Aspect

Slope (%)

AWC

Silver fir

MUGG

1

400

5

1924–2010

103.2 (10.2)

59.1 (4.5)

29.1 (1.6)

SW

59

2, 3

BRIT

2

430

5

1954–2009

75.8 (13.3)

53.6 (6.1)

30.4 (1.7)

SSW

36

2, 3

WALDF

3a

430

5

1910–2010

109.8 (10.0)

70.0 (5.6)

30.9 (1.5)

SW

62

2, 3

STAU

4

430

5

1906–2010

123.6 (18.7)

51.7 (2.4)

27.0 (1.5)

WSW

38

1, 2

SULZ

5

450

5

1937–2009

84.0 (7.0)

66.8 (7.8)

33.3 (2.7)

SSW

37

2, 3

AU

6

520

5

1971–2010

42.8 (3.6)

43.5 (5.0)

25.2 (1.4)

WSW

43

2, 3

BURG

7

650

5

1909–2009

103.4 (2.1)

58.7 (4.5)

31.3 (2.5)

W

65

1, 2

ADELF

8a

750

5

1920–2010

93.2 (2.2)

66.9 (7.9)

35.0 (1.8)

S

41

1, 2

NEUE

9

800

5

1945–2010

71.0 (6.5)

57.9 (3.5)

31.9 (2.8)

S

67

1, 2

EGER

10

920

5

1973–2009

43.0 (4.5)

44.8 (2.2)

24.0 (3.6)

S

62

1, 2

KUHLF

11a

970

4

1913–2010

100.8 (3.2)

66.7 (9.7)

28.4 (1.9)

WSW

35

1, 2

FISC

12

985

5

1917–2010

96.6 (1.7)

60.4 (3.8)

27.7 (0.4)

WSW

28

2, 3

KOHL

13

1050

4

1921–2010

107.3 (17.1)

68.4 (9.1)

27.6 (1.8)

SW

70

2, 3

Norway spruce

WALDS

3b

430

5

1931–2010

86.2 (7.3)

55.1 (2.4)

32.3 (0.6)

SW

61

2, 3

EHRE

14

470

5

1948–2006

62.2 (2.4)

31.3 (1.2)

27.4 (2.2)

WSW

57

2, 3

GUNT

15

500

5

1949–2009

62.4 (1.1)

52.3 (1.1)

30.8 (2.1)

SSW

64

2, 3

KLOS

16

530

5

1964–2010

49.6 (2.1)

43.4 (3.3)

27.8 (1.5)

SSW

71

1, 2

MUNS

17

640

5

1910–2009

102.2 (2.8)

48.2 (6.6)

29.8 (1.8)

SSW

74

2

DOTT

18

690

5

1948–2006

62.8 (4.1)

30.0 (0.6)

24.4 (2.0)

SW

62

1, 2

ADELS

8b

750

5

1940–2010

71.8 (0.8)

58.7 (5.4)

31.9 (6.4)

S

55

1, 2

MUNT

19

780

5

1920–2006

89.2 (1.5)

53.1 (0.4)

35.6 (2.3)

SSW

56

2

BLAU

20

960

5

1971–2009

47.4 (5.0)

41.6 (5.3)

27.2 (2.7)

S

39

1, 2

KUHLS

11b

970

5

1903–2010

112.4 (3.5)

53.3 (9.6)

28.9 (2.6)

WSW

41

1, 2

AFTE

21

1027

5

1966–2006

46.6 (3.4)

29.3 (1.4)

22.3 (0.6)

WSW

55

1, 2

BERN

22

1030

5

1966–2010

48.4 (4.4)

37.7 (2.8)

22.1 (0.5)

S

62

2, 3

SIRN

23

1040

5

1921–2010

94.6 (4.2)

54.4 (2.8)

28.5 (0.7)

SW

82

2, 3

TODT

24

1140

5

1902–2006

118.6 (15.3)

46.5 (7.6)

24.5 (2.8)

WSW

52

2, 3

  1. At site WALD, ADEL and KUHL both fir and spruce were collected, as indicated by the suffixes F and S, respectively. Age refers to age at breast height, DBH diameter at breast height, Aspect exposition of study site: S south, W west, AWC available soil water capacity: 1 very low (<50 mm), 2 low (50–90 mm), 3 medium (90–140 mm). Values are means with standard deviations in parentheses