Fig. 1
Report of powdery mildew on adult Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, and Q. robur (trees not previously defoliated by insects, DSF database, 1989–2006). The standardised report rate is the ratio for a given region of raw number of disease reports to an expected number of disease reports. a Evolution of the standardised report rate in each ecoregion. b Relationship between Oak mildew report and mean air temperature in December, January, and February. 
Pyrenean piedmont; 
Southwest lowlands; 
Western lowlands; 
Massif Central; 
Northeastern lowlands. The standardised report rate is computed as explained in Fabre et al. (2011)