Table 2 Objectives and requirements of genetic monitoring using molecular and phenotypic tools
From: Considering evolutionary processes in adaptive forestry
Monitoring objectives | Requirements | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Molecular tools only | Phenotypic tools only | Combined approach | |
Quantification and characterization of the genetic diversity | |||
Quantify the global genetic diversity and characterize its organisation | Neutral markers | – | – |
Decipher the genetic architecture of adaptive traits (QTLs, variances and correlations) | Known pedigrees, validated candidate genes polymorphisms | Known pedigrees, common garden experiments (ex situ) | QTL mapping or QTL association studies, ex situ experiments and in situ methods |
Monitoring the drivers of genetic changes | |||
Monitor recent changes in demography and genetic drift intensity | Neutral markers, multi-generation sampling | – | – |
Monitor the mating system and hybridization | Neutral markers, multi-cohort sampling | – | – |
Characterize pollen and seed dispersal functions | Neutral markers, seed or/and seedling samples | Pollen and seed traps | Combined approach possible |
Detect signatures of past selection (β) | Genome wide markers and candidate genes polymorphisms | – | – |
Monitor current selection gradient (i, β) | Validated candidate genes polymorphisms, multi-generation sampling | Known pedigrees, path analysis traits to performance, ex situ experiments | Selection gradient studies, in situ methods |