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Table 1 Genetic parameters, genetic gains, and selection efficiency of indirect early selection targeting the average wood density of mature wood (outermost 10 rings) using the averages of the growth ring components at the young stage as the selection traits

From: Genetic improvement of wood density and radial growth in Larix kaempferi: results from a diallel mating test

Selection trait

Narrow sense heritability

Genetic correlation with RDouter10

Genetic gain in RDouter10 (%)

Indirect/direct (%)

Selection efficiency in RDouter10

RW6–10

0.22

0.69

3.4

37.0

0.64

LWR6–10

0.02

0.79

1.0

11.0

0.19

RD6–10

0.19

≈ 1.00

4.6

49.0

0.84

ED6–10

0.36

0.84

5.5

58.1

≈ 1.00

LD6–10

0.35

0.29

1.9

19.7

0.34

RDouter10

0.76

1.00

9.4

100.0

1.00

  1. The selection traits are the averages of the growth ring components between ages 6 and 10. Indirect/direct indicates the ratio of indirect selection to direct selection with respect to the genetic gain. The objective trait is the average wood density of the 10 outermost rings (RDouter10). The selection intensity is 1.0 (selection of the top 38.1 % of individuals)
  2. RW 6–10 ring width, LWR 6–10 percentage of latewood, RD 6–10 ring density, ED 6–10 earlywood density, LD 6–10 latewood density