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Fig. 3 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 3

From: Persisting bark beetle outbreak indicates the unsustainability of secondary Norway spruce forests: case study from Central Europe

Fig. 3

The variograms of the amounts of sanitary felling (felled infested volume relative to total spruce volume in a stand) and related parameters in the period 2000–2004. Horizontal axis describes the distance (h) that separates pairs of observation used to calculate the variogram value (γ). Vertical axis describes the spatial variability of the amounts of volume infested by Ips typographus separated by distance (h). Thin lines denote empirical variogram values, while thick line denotes fitted empirical variogram. Angles in the right sides (°) denote direction in which the variograms have been calculated

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X