Fig. 1

Stem growth (relative stem increment—RSI) in response to waterlogging and as a function of the capacity to form morphological adaptation. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences among the four categories of seedlings (linear models followed by Tukey–Kramer means comparison test, see Section 2 for details); the different upper-case letters indicate a significant difference between the control and waterlogged seedlings (Mann–Whitney U-test, see Section 2 for details). The data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean