Table 1 Forest characteristics and soil properties in the study sites

Tree species composition

Silver fir (90 %), Scots pine (10 %)

Silver fir (100 %)

Silver fir (100 %)

Scots pine (100 %)

Scots pine (100 %)

Scots pine (100 %)

Tree age (years)

45–100

55–115

75–95

60

55

50

Soil type

Proper brown (cambic)

Acid brown (cambic)

Acid brown (cambic)

Acid brown (cambic)

Acid brown (cambic)

Acid brown (cambic)

Stand area (ha)

16

24

6

17

9

6

pH in H₂O

5.0

5.0

4.3

5.7

5.0

4.5

pH in KCl

3.7

3.7

3.3

4.8

3.9

3.6

C (%)

3.56

3.03

4.38

4.98

4.20

2.74

N (%)

0.25

0.22

0.28

0.32

0.32

0.19

C/N (%)

14.1

13.6

15.5

15.4

13.2

14.3

Ca (mg/kg)

1,652.9

1,226.7

441.3

3,196.5

2,019.8

301.8

K (mg/kg)

117.1

81.2

80.6

139.1

111.0

79.9

Mg (mg/kg)

134.8

102.2

59.2

259.8

193.7

42.0

Na (mg/kg)

7.2

7.5

6.8

10.5

8.5

6.2

P (mg/kg)

0.6

0.5

1.2

0.8

0.7

8.2