Fig. 1

Scheme of how exposure to climatic or biotic hazard of vulnerable forest stands and trees could result a risk of forest dieback, in most cases with a complex aetiology. Adapted from the core concepts of SREX report (IPCC 2012). Several components of vulnerability have been investigated in the Dryade project. Impacts on growth, health status and mortality were analysed to disentangle hazards, exposure and determinants of vulnerability. The papers gathered in this special issue are identified in the figure according to the main component(s) of risk addressed. ❶: Cailleret et al. 2014, ➋: Durand-Gillmann et al. 2014, ➌: Gérard and Bréda 2014, ➍: Marçais and Desprez-Loustau 2014, ➎: Nourtier et al. 2014, ➏: Sergent et al. 2014a, ❼: Sergent et al. 2014b