Fig. 2

Examples of univariate spatial distribution for the seedlings of the three oak species using pair correlation function. Lines with dots indicate ring statistics g(r); red lines indicate the upper and lower limits of the 95 % confidence envelope of the univariate heterogeneous spatial randomness null model. Points above, under and within envelopes indicate aggregation, regular and random spatial distribution, respectively. The black solid line gives the expected g function value under the null model. See Table 1 for site abbreviations. Note that the y-axis scales are different