Table 3 The oven-dry specific gravity and storage modulus (E′) and evaluation of statistical analysis at an α = 0.05 (with at least three replicates)
Treatment | Oven-dry specific gravity (SG0,OD) | Storage modulus (E′ (GPa)) | Specific storage modulus ((E′ / SG0,OD) (GPa)) | \( E{\prime}_{decrease}\kern0.5em = \frac{\left(E{\prime}_{30{}^{\circ}C}-E{\prime}_{120{}^{\circ}C}\right)}{\ E{\prime}_{30{}^{\circ}C}} \) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specific gravity (SG) | 30 °C | 120 °C | 30 °C | 120 °C | (°C) | |
Control | 0.35 ± 0.03 C | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 16.4 ± 6.1 B | 14.9 ± 5.4 C | 9 ± 3 |
9 %, 150 °C | 0.90 ± 0.06 A | 28.2 ± 5.8 | 25.5 ± 5.4 | 31.7 ± 7.1 A | 28.6 ± 7.1 A | 10 ± 2 |
9 %, 200 °C | 0.90 ± 0.06 A | 21.1 ± 3.2 | 19.6 ± 3.1 | 23.6 ± 2.9 A,B | 22.0 ± 2.8 A,B,C | 7 ± 2 |
9 %, 250 °C | 0.80 ± 0.10 A,B | 21.9 ± 4.5 | 20.3 ± 4.1 | 27.6 ± 5.1 A | 25.5 ± 3.9 A,B | 7 ± 2 |
0 %, 150 °C | 0.64 ± 0.16 B | 10.9 ± 3.2 | 10.3 ± 3.0 | 16.9 ± 2.3 B | 16.0 ± 2.4 C | 6 ± 2 |
0 %, 200 °C | 0.85 ± 0.12 A | 19.3 ± 5.0 | 17.1 ± 5.3 | 22.5 ± 3.5 A,B | 19.8 ± 4.0 B,C | 12 ± 8 |
0 %, 250 °C | 0.80 ± 0.05 A,B | 22.0 ± 4.2 | 20.7 ± 3.9 | 27.8 ± 4.9 A | 26.1 ± 4.5 A,B | 6 ± 1 |
ANOVA p value | 0.0001 | – | – | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.1417 |
ANCOVA | p value (treatment) | 0.0038 | 0.0054 | – | – | – |
p value (SG) | 0.0015 | 0.0007 | – | – | – | |