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Table 1 Relationships between changes in ecological conditions and plant community shifts (length of shift along axis 1 and axis 2, Euclidean distance in the first factorial map (axis 1, 2): VectLength)

From: Decreasing deer browsing pressure influenced understory vegetation dynamics over 30 years

 

North Forest

South Forest

Axis 1

Axis 2

VectLength

Axis 1

Axis 2

VectLength

Intercept

−0.27 ***

0.14***

0.52 ***

−0.26 ***

ns

0.42 ***

Changes (2006 minus 1976) in

Stand.1

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.056 (*)

ns

Stand.2

ns

0.033 *

ns

ns

0.068 *

ns

 

EIV-L

0.12 ***

−0.042 *

−0.063 ***

ns

−0.063 (*)

−0.082 *

 

EIV-T

ns

ns

ns

0.069 (*)

ns

0.072 **

 

EIV-F

−0.08 **

ns

0.044 *

ns

ns

ns

 

EIV-R

ns

ns

−0.038 *

0.091 *

ns

ns

 

EIV-N

ns

ns

ns

ns

−0.079 (*)

ns

Tree.cover

−0.068 **

0.070 ***

0.088 ***

0.11 **

ns

0.067 *

H.shrub.cover

−0.11 ***

0.10 ***

0.12 ***

ns

ns

ns

Deer.browsing

0.091 ***

−0.11 ***

−0.10 ***

−0.078 *

ns

−0.071 **

Adjusted R 2

0.41 ***

0.45 ***

0.49 ***

0.26 ***

ns

0.39 ***

  1. Analyses are separated between North and South Forests. Standardized regression coefficients and significance levels of the multiple linear regressions are shown
  2. ns not significant (p > 0.1)
  3. (*)p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001