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Table 2 Description of explanatory variables (and their associated coefficients) included after stepwise selection involved in the reduced spatial model (in bold), built for each year within the study period

From: Estimating ozone risks using forest monitoring networks—results for science, policy, and society

Year

Model

Intercept

X

Y

Elevation

T (°)

Spatial parameters

σ 2

φ

τ 2

AIC

2007

Total

2047.773

0.0000

−0.0004

0.0647

5.7128

4.5231

25,348.78

166.0890

191.5/−87.73

Reduced

−35.0896

  

0.0509

4.2651

202.76

28,511.46

133.6205

191.7/−89.83

2008

Total

2330.699

−0.0002

−0.0004

0.0354

2.1798

1.27

2,088,596

117.6

175.9/−79.96

Reduced

38.7184

  

0.0256

1.5598

613.4

44,516

72.31

177.7/−82.87

2009

Total

1891.927

0.0001

−0.0004

0.0781

8.1257

0.0000

0

106.1873

211.1/−97.54

Reduced

−57.0797

  

0.0594

5.5266

319.1

20,712

38.81

211.7/−99.83

2010

Total

3976.102

0.0002

−0.0008

0.0594

5.0465

349.9

6297

11.56

236.2/−110.1

Reduced

−58.0542

  

0.0617

5.6568

846.4

16,252

78.46

239.5/−113.7

2011

Total

3056.203

0.0000

−0.0006

0.0923

9.3345

0

0

294

237.6/−110.8

Reduced

−191.771

  

0.1094

11.8085

724.3

15,542

70.95

236.9/−112.5

  1. σ2 the signal variance, φ range which indicates the distance at which the theoretical variogram reaches its maximum and represents the correlation function parameter, τ2 nugget which represents the intercept of the variogram and determines the conditional or measurement error variance, AIC Akaike Information Criterion, used to estimate model fitting