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Table 5 Variable importance in the projections (VIP) score for Norway spruce

From: Variables related to nitrogen deposition improve defoliation models for European forests

Predictor

Models

Reference

Reference + BADoAP

Reference + Nthrdep

Reference + BADoAP + Nthrdep

Reference + foliar

Reference + Soil

Latitude

1.46 (−)

1.21 (−)

1.27 (−)

1.13 (−)

0.72 (−)

0.88 (−)

Longitude

0.91 (−)

0.76 (−)

0.79 (−)

0.71 (−)

0.62 (−)

0.42 (−)

Altitude

0.91

0.75

0.79

0.70

0.40

0.92

Tree density

1.21 (−)

1.01 (−)

1.06 (−)

0.94 (−)

0.54 (−)

0.29 (−)

Pr

0.78

0.65

0.68

0.60

0.39

1.71

Summer Pr

0.38 (−)

0.32 (−)

0.35 (−)

0.30 (−)

0.24 (−)

0.15

BADoAP

 

1.69

 

1.57

  

Nthrdep

  

1.57

1.40

  

Foliar N/P

    

1.09

 

Foliar N/Ca

    

1.14

 

Foliar N/Mg

    

2.20

 

Foliar N/K

    

1.05

 

Soil pH (CaCl2)

     

0.92 (−)

Soil C/N

     

1.03 (−)

Soil BCE

     

1.51

  1. VIP > 1 are in italics
  2. (−) variable with negative coefficient, Pr precipitation, BADoAP biotic or abiotic damage for known causes other than air pollution, Nthr dep nitrogen throughfall deposition
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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X