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Table 6 Variable importance in the projections (VIP) score for Scots pine

From: Variables related to nitrogen deposition improve defoliation models for European forests

Predictor

Models

Reference

Reference + BADoAP

Reference + Nthrdep

Reference + BADoAP + Nthrdep

Reference + foliar

Reference + Soil

Latitude

1.20 (−)

1.23 (−)

1.01 (−)

1.02 (−)

0.93 (−)

0.98 (−)

Longitude

0.80 (−)

0.92 (−)

0.91 (−)

0.82 (−)

0.59 (−)

1.22 (−)

Altitude

0.42 (−)

0.42 (−)

0.81 (−)

0.95 (−)

0.33 (−)

0.78

Tree density

1.15

1.14 (−)

0.94

0.92

0.89

1.08

Pr

0.29

0.28

0.89

0.58

0.12

0.71 (−)

Summer Pr

1.53

1.53

1.19

1.09

1.19

0.99 (−)

BADoAP

 

0.88

 

0.70

  

Nthrdep

  

1.18 (−)

1.59 (−)

  

Foliar N/P

    

1.75

 

Foliar N/Ca

    

0.65 (−)

 

Foliar N/Mg

    

1.46

 

Foliar N/K

    

0.94

 

Soil pH (CaCl2)

     

1.12 (−)

Soil C/N

     

1.24 (−)

Soil BCE

     

0.72 (−)

  1. VIP > 1 are in italics
  2. (−) variable with negative coefficient, Pr precipitation, BADoAP biotic or abiotic damage for known causes other than air pollution, Nthr dep nitrogen throughfall deposition