Fig. 1

The database of the French Health Service includes approximately 60,000 reports, from 1989 to 2014, which provides a general view of all pathogens (and other causes) affecting forest health. A total of 24,375 records have been identified at the pathogen species level, for a total of 231 species, among which 29 introduced species for 8634 records and 202 nonintroduced species for 15 741 records. a Introduced pathogens are overrepresented among the most frequent forest diseases; Fisher’s exact test ; **p = 0.0014. The value above each column indicates the number of pathogen species. The 19 more frequent pathogens represent 81% of all disease records. b The part of reports associated with introduced pathogens has much increased in the recent period especially since the detection of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in 2008 in eastern France. c A much higher rate of reports is observed in forest plantations compared to less intensively managed forests (1989–2006 data). This probably includes both higher pathogen load but also higher attention paid to growth losses in these systems (lower tolerance to damage by the forester)