Table 5 List of factors and standing tree quality parameters measured in the field or derived from a model, which influence the timber properties and can thus be potentially used for timber assortment classification (the list was prepared from the review of European and national standards for timber grading)

Quantitative

dbh

X

1

Height

X

1

Upper diameter

X

X

2

Bark thickness

X

X

2

Height to fork

X

2

Live crown height

X

2

Dead crown height

X

2

Roundwood height

X

2

Continual bole height

X

2

Stem break height

X

2

Branch number (living)

X

3

Branch angle (living)

X

3

Branch diameter (living)

X

3

Branch number (dead)

X

3

Branch angle (dead)

X

3

Branch diameter (dead)

X

3

Ovality or elipticity

X

2

Sweep

X

3

Taper

X

2

Rate of growth (mm)

X

1

Qualitative

Species

X

1

Tree status (dead/alive)

X

1

Biotic stem damage

X

1

Abiotic stem damage

X

1

Frost/lightening stem damage

X

1

Straightness

X

1

Forking

X

2

Break (stem, crown, top)

X

1

Fluting

X

2

Ovality

X

2

Rottening

X

1

Branch status (dead/alive)

X

2

Branch size (low, med, high)

X

X

2

Artificial pruning

X

3

Formative shaping

X

3

Insect in timber (beetle, larvae holes)

X

1-2

Spiral grain

X

1

Reaction wood

X

2