Table 2 Mean apoplastic ice nucleation temperature for each studied species with standard errors
Tree species and cultivar | Mean freezing temperature (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
Winter | Early spring | |
Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ | −6.0 (±0.4) | −5.9 (±0.7) |
Crataegus monogyna ‘Stricta’ | −6.1 (±0.8) | −5.5 (±0.2) |
Ginkgo biloba | −6.8 (±0.9) | −6.2 (±0.6) |
Malus baccata ‘Columnaris’ + Malus baccata ‘Pyramidalis’ | −4.7 (±0.7) | −6.1 (±0.3) |
Pterocarya fraxinifolia | −7.3 (±1.4) | −5.5 (±1.1) |
Quercus palustris | −10.3 (±0.01) | −7.5 (±1.6) |
Sorbus aucuparia | −5.9 (±0.8) | −6.5 (±0.2) |