Fig. 8
Schematic view of the peridynamic approach: initial state (t = 0) and deformed state (t > 0). Definition of horizon δ, neighbourhood Hr of \( \overrightarrow{r} \), bond \( \overrightarrow{\xi} \), displacement \( \overrightarrow{u}\left(\overrightarrow{r},t\right) \) and bond deformation \( \overrightarrow{\eta} \)