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Fig. 1 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 1

From: Tree species identity mediates mechanisms of top soil carbon sequestration in a Norway spruce and European beech mixed forest

Fig. 1

Generic design of the structural equation models showing all possible causal paths between manifest variables (boxes) and C stock in forest soil layers (grey ellipses). Manifest variables are considered as proxies of the species identity and microenvironmental effects on C accumulation in forest soil layers. Single-headed arrows denote a direct influence in the model in the direction of causality; double-headed arrows represent interactions

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X