Assessment of ground-based skidding impacts on the horizontally rate and extent of soil disturbance along the margin of the skid trail

Table 3 Effect of traffic (20 and 40 passes) and slope (0–10, 10–20 and >20 %) on mean values of bulk density at various distances from skid trail edge

	Slope (%)
Passage Distance zone (m)	0–10		10–20		>20
Passage Distance zone (m)	20	40	20	40	20	40
0.5	0.78aA	0.84aA	0.92bA	0.96bA	0.92bA	0.99bA
1.00	0.71aA	0.79aAB	0.85bB	0.91bA	0.95cA	0.97bA
1.50	0.71aA	0.77aAB	0.82bB	0.89bA	0.89bA	0.94bA
2.00	0.70aA	0.72aB	0.71aC	0.78aB	0.76aB	0.91bA

Dry bulk density was measured as 0.704 g cm⁻³ at the control areas, values are mean and different letters within each treatment shows significant differences (P < 0.05)
Capital case letters refer to the comparison made among four distance zones for each skidding cycle and slope class separately (column)
Lower case letters refer to the comparison made among three slope categories at each skidding cycle for the various distance zones (row)

ISSN: 1297-966X