Assessment of ground-based skidding impacts on the horizontally rate and extent of soil disturbance along the margin of the skid trail

Table 5 Mean values of total porosity as influenced by traffic (20 and 40 passes) and slope (0–10, 10–20 and >20 %) at different distances from skid trail edge

	Slope (%)
Passage Distance zone (m)	0–10		10–20		>20
Passage Distance zone (m)	20	40	20	40	20	40
0.5	70.70aB	68.20aC	65.15bC	63.92bC	61.26cC	60.00cC
1.00	73.11aA	70.11aB	70.12bB	65.50bB	67.28cB	62.50cB
1.50	73.29aA	71.00aB	71.74abAB	69.51aA	68.63bAB	63.11bB
2.00	73.44aA	73.01aA	73.22aA	70.74bA	69.85bA	65.32cA

Total porosity was measured as 73.84 % for the control area, values are mean and different letters within each treatment shows significant differences (P < 0.05)
Capital case letters refer to the comparison made among four distance zones for each skidding cycle and slope class separately (column)
Lower case letters refer to the comparison made among three slope categories at each skidding cycle for the various distance zones (row)

ISSN: 1297-966X