Using joint multivariate analyses of leaf morphology and molecular-genetic markers for taxon identification in three hybridizing European white oak species (Quercus spp.)

Rellstab, Christian; Bühler, Andreas; Graf, René; Folly, Catherine; Gugerli, Felix

doi:10.1007/s13595-016-0552-7

Annals of Forest Science

Table 3 Results of the multivariate analyses (using both morphological and genetic variables) describing the three Quercus species studied

From: Using joint multivariate analyses of leaf morphology and molecular-genetic markers for taxon identification in three hybridizing European white oak species (Quercus spp.)

Variables	Abbr.	FAMD/HCPC					LDA
		Contribution to FAMD		HCPC cluster 1	HCPC cluster 2	HCPC cluster 3	Standardized coefficient		LDA group 1	LDA group 2	LDA group 3
		Dim. 1	Dim. 2	Q. robur	Q. pubescens	Q. petraea	LD1	LD2	Q. robur	Q. pubescens	Q. petraea
Morphological
Basal shape	BS	7.27	0.00	5.32 ± 1.9	3.77 ± 1.53	3.7 ± 1.44	0.11	−0.05	5.31 ± 1.43	3.73 ± 1.54	3.76 ± 1.91
Lamina shape/obversity	OB	3.57	0.22	62.98 ± 7.41	57.18 ± 7.57	58.23 ± 7.03	0.09	−0.03	63.15 ± 6.95	57.05 ± 7.49	58.37 ± 7.4
Petiole ratio	PR	16.81	0.00	6.2 ± 2.33	13.18 ± 3.64	13.84 ± 3.89	−0.27	0.31	6.12 ± 3.79	13.4 ± 3.75	13.62 ± 2.27
Lobe depth ratio	LDR	7.35	0.05	73.35 ± 10.16	65.67 ± 9.62	65.72 ± 9.89	0.05	0.26	73.13 ± 9.8	65.18 ± 9.79	66.63 ± 10.26
Lobe depth ratio at widest sinus	LDRW	0.63	6.52	37.96 ± 8.55	39.51 ± 9.95	33.61 ± 7.53	−0.08	−0.37	37.91 ± 7.06	39.83 ± 9.67	32.8 ± 8.62
Lobe number ratio	LLNR	4.93	2.17	0.45 ± 0.34	0.76 ± 0.39	0.59 ± 0.42	0.15	−0.35	0.47 ± 0.34	0.8 ± 0.43	0.5 ± 0.36
Percentage venation	RPV	16.12	0.00	6.54 ± 1.63	3.33 ± 1.97	3.25 ± 1.64	0.41	−0.02	6.57 ± 1.55	3.22 ± 1.98	3.39 ± 1.63
Lobe width ratio	LWR	0.08	0.31	30.02 ± 4.38	31.57 ± 4.84	30.9 ± 4.41	−0.05	−0.14	29.93 ± 4.35	31.4 ± 4.8	31.1 ± 4.42
Presence of stellate hair on lamina	LS	5.78	19.65	0.01	0.07	0.84	Used for grouping		0.03	0.27	0.67
Presence of stellate hair on vein	VS	0.11	0.44	0.00	0.00	0.02	Not used		0.00	0.00	0.01
Presence of clustered hair on lamina	LC	6.56	19.65	0.01	0.96	0.18	Used for grouping		0.01	0.77	0.30
Presence of clustered hair on vein	VC	3.12	21.30	0.00	0.70	0.03	Not used		0.01	0.53	0.13
Presence of intermediate hair on lamina	LI	8.89	11.30	0.03	0.30	0.88	Not used		0.04	0.47	0.72
Genetic
PCoA component 1	PCo1	17.58	0.66	0.17 ± 0.09	−0.06 ± 0.06	−0.11 ± 0.07	1.04	−0.13	0.18 ± 0.06	−0.06 ± 0.06	−0.12 ± 0.08
PCoA component 2	PCo2	0.10	9.89	0.01 ± 0.08	−0.05 ± 0.09	0.04 ± 0.09	0.18	0.70	0.01 ± 0.07	−0.06 ± 0.08	0.06 ± 0.08
PCoA component 3	PCo3	0.02	3.25	−0.01 ± 0.07	0.03 ± 0.09	−0.02 ± 0.09	−0.04	−0.41	0 ± 0.09	0.03 ± 0.09	−0.03 ± 0.07
PCoA component 4	PCo4	0.45	3.10	−0.01 ± 0.07	0.03 ± 0.09	−0.01 ± 0.09	−0.24	−0.39	−0.01 ± 0.09	0.03 ± 0.09	−0.02 ± 0.07
PCoA component 5	PCo5	0.21	0.58	0.01 ± 0.08	−0.01 ± 0.08	0.01 ± 0.08	0.16	0.21	0.01 ± 0.08	−0.01 ± 0.08	0 ± 0.08
PCoA component 6	PCo6	0.42	0.91	−0.01 ± 0.09	0.02 ± 0.07	0.00 ± 0.07	−0.13	−0.23	−0.01 ± 0.07	0.02 ± 0.07	−0.01 ± 0.09

Listed are the variables and their abbreviations; the contribution of each variable to the first two dimensions of the factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD); averages (± standard deviation) of the variables in the three clusters defined by hierarchical clustering of principal components (HCPC; in case of hair types, the proportion is given); contribution of each variable (standardized coefficient) to the first two linear discriminants of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA); averages (± standard deviation) of the variables in the three groups of the LDA (in case of hair types, the proportion is given). Values of LLNR are log-transformed; RPV is square root-transformed

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