Fig. 1

Examples of visualized plots with clustered (CEI = 0.7, above), random (CEI = 1.0, middle), and regular (CEI = 1.4, below) patterns of tree stems. The locations and dimensions of the cylinders correspond with the tree stems measured in the field. The brown and gray cylinders represent scots pine and deciduous trees, respectively. The interval between tick marks corresponds to 5 m in the vertical axis and 2 m in the plane