- M1 measures the percentage of climate scenarios (out of 10 scenarios) that meet the performance requirement, while M2 measures the maximum departure from the expected climate change (= uncertainty horizon α̂, which is the number of 0.5 steps from x̂) that is allowed before a species fails the performance requirement. M3 calculates the percentage deviation of the performance in the worst-performing climate scenario from performance under x̂ and M4 the maximum percentage deviation of performance of the best performing species compared to the examined species throughout the climate scenarios. The most robust species are written in bold, the least robust in italic and gray. Formulas for performance are given in Sect. 2; parameter values are in Online Resources, Table 2