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Table 1 Fuel moisture content (FMC) and analysed flammability parameters for fresh (left, N = 30) and oven-dried (FMC = 0%) samples (right, N = 30) for each studied species. Average value and standard deviation are shown. Different letters show significant differences for each analysed variable (columns) among species (LSD test, p < 0.05)

From: Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests

 

Fresh

Oven-dried

Species

FMC (%)

TTI (s)

PHRR (kW/m2)

AEHC (MJ/kg)

RMF (%)

TTI (s)

PHRR (kW/m2)

AEHC (MJ/kg)

RMF (%)

Arbutus unedo

131 (2.1) g

26 (13.3) a

87.67 (11.28) ab

4.07 (0.42) a

3.61 (1.32) cd

8 (2.6) abc

219.10 (14.81) ab

13.30 (0.21) bcd

5.6 (0.57) b

Calicotome spinosa

53 (2.2) e

62 (7.2) bcd

204.25 (0.75) f

12.48 (1.02) e

1.53 (0.37) a

32 (5.3) e

340.81 (14.00) d

12.54 (0.99) bc

2.3 (0.57) a

Erica arborea

69 (2.1) ab

61 (1.5) bc

156.23 (8.56) e

9.48 (3.93) cde

2.07 (0.34) ab

13 (8.5) bcd

262.71 (14.09) c

13.97 (2.25) cd

6 (0.11) bc

Juniperus oxycedrus

64 (2.3) b

51 (11.3) ab

196.91 (8.41) f

10.08 (0.84) cde

2.44 (0.03) abc

16.3 (4.1) d

241.41 (21.60) bc

13.85 (0.30) cd

7.3 (1.52) cd

Pinus halepensis

102 (2.0) f

86 (11.1) de

162.17 (11.75) e

7.78 (1.02) bc

3.79 (0.75) d

6.6 (0.6) ab

311.07 (40.92) d

14.15 (0.75) d

5.6 (0.57) b

Pistacia lentiscus

74 (2.2) ac

86 (31.6) f

140.07 (12.93) d

8.86 (2.83) cd

2.01 (0.57) ab

11.3 (4.0) abcd

193.91 (40.62) a

12.22 (0.59) abc

8 (1.00) d

Quercus faginea

83 (5.7) d

13 (3.0) a

80.32 (3.80) a

4.62 (1.31) ab

5.74 (1.10) e

4.7 (0.6) a

223.27 (23.07) abc

10.98 (0.45) a

7.7 (0.57) d

Quercus ilex

69 (2.9) ab

33 (9.1) ab

114.75 (8.37) bc

8.46 (0.57) bcd

3.34 (0.29) cd

14 (7.9) bcd

198.33 (14.80) a

12.30 (0.28) abc

8.6 (0.57) d

Quercus suber

80 (7.5) cd

27 (15.1) ab

102.07 (4.56) bc

8.72 (2.52) cd

2.97 (0.27) bcd

6.7 (3.8) ab

251.12 (15.66) bc

12.75 (0.31) bcd

6 (0.10) bc

Tetraclinis articulata

74 (6.3) ac

109 (13.0) f

190.83 (5.13) f

11.59 (1.29) de

3.63 (0.84) cd

15 (1.7) cd

262.80 (18.07) c

13.05 (0.61) bcd

7.3 (1.52) cd

  1. FMC fuel moisture content, TTI time to ignition, PHRR peak heat release rate, AEHC average effective heat of combustion, RMF residual mass fraction