Table 1 Fire-tolerance traits and how the trait is expressed as derived through measurement
Trait | Description | Expression | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
Grass stage (1) | Delayed stem elongation, tuft of needles protecting terminal bud at the ground surface | RCD/HT ratio | Keeley and Zedler (1998); O'Brien et al. (2008); Rodriguez-Trejo and Fule (2003) |
Bark thickness (2) | Protection of cambial tissue from heat exposure | baBARK/baWOOD ratio | |
Self-pruning (3) | Reducing ladder fuels that enable movement of fire to tree crown | 1/BB | Keeley and Zedler (1998) |
Carbohydrate accumulation (4) | Storage of carbohydrate for allocation to recovery post-fire | TNC concentration | Mims (2015) |
Protected buds (5) | Allocation of biomass to needles that may be consumed during fire | NB/TB |