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Fig. 2 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 2

From: Shrubs facilitate recruitment of Caragana stenophylla Pojark: microhabitat amelioration and protection against herbivory

Fig. 2

Microhabitat amelioration (MA), which quantifies one component of the facilitative effects of C. stenophylla shrubs on the survival of intraspecific seedlings and saplings, across the four climatic aridity zones. Data presented here are only based on the fenced plots. Data are means ± SE (n = 3 per treatment). For a particular growth stage, different letters (lowercase for seedling stage, uppercase for sapling stage) indicate significant differences between climate zones (Tukey HSD tests, P < 0.05). For a particular climate zone, asterisks indicate significant differences between seedling and sapling stages (t tests, P < 0.05)

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X