Table 1 Geographic and climatic parameters of P. pinaster provenance origins. Climatic data were generated from the ClimateEU v4.63 software package
Parameter | Provenances | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noroeste-Litoral (NOR) | Leiria (LEI) | Mimizan (MIM) | Oria (ORI) | Soria-Burgos (SBUR) | Gredos (GRE) | |
Genetic groupsa | Atlantic Iberian Peninsula | Atlantic France | Southeastern Spain | Central Spain | ||
Country | Spain | Portugal | France | Spain | Spain | Spain |
Latitude | 42° 49′ N | 39° 47′ N | 44° 80′ N | 37° 31′ N | 41° 50′ N | 40° 11′ N |
Longitude | 8° 27′ W | 8° 57′ W | 1° 18′ W | 2° 21′ W | 3° 30′ W | 5° 60′ W |
Altitude (m) | 150 | 20 | 37 | 1123 | 1096 | 753 |
Mean annual temperature (°C) | 14.9 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 10.7 | 14 |
Mean warmest month temperature (°C) | 21.8 | 20.9 | 21.3 | 23.4 | 20.4 | 24.3 |
Continentality index (°C) | 12.2 | 9.7 | 13.7 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 19.1 |
Autumn precipitation (mm) | 445 | 298 | 402 | 147 | 160 | 467 |
Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 1313 | 810 | 1211 | 495 | 510 | 121 |
Mean summer precipitation (mm) | 333 | 149 | 464 | 147 | 197 | 322 |
No. of frost-free days | 362 | 365 | 346 | 319 | 279 | 31 |
Mean summer maximum temperature (°C) | 24 | 23.7 | 25.4 | 29.2 | 26.5 | 23.3 |
Mean autumn minimum temperature (°C) | 11.9 | 14 | 10.2 | 8.7 | 5.8 | 8.8 |
Mean summer temperature (°C) | 20.1 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 22.2 | 19.4 | 153 |