Table 1 Cumulative characteristics for the 34 tree species for which we could assess migration lag with our direct approach based on our default settings. To determine invasive status in Europe we used data from Rejmánek and Richardson (2013). We marked entries where we had to further search for invasive state in other resources with a star and present information in Table S5

Abies grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl.

0.00

3,849,250

2,382,687.5

Yes

Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach

− 1.25

3,758,350

2,419,942.5

Yes^*

Abies procera Rehder

0.69

3,916,600

2,961,755

Yes

Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.

0.41

2,440,200

2,290,385

Yes

Acer negundo L.

− 0.51

3,604,250

2,065,487.5

Yes

Acer platanoides L.

− 0.18

4,303,350

2,152,692.5

No

Acer saccharinum L.

− 0.41

2,803,050

2,596,377.5

Yes

Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don

0.00

2,376,800

2,129,515

Yes^*

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A.Murray bis) Parl.

0.00

3,808,500

2,093,750

Yes^*

Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.

− 1.32

3,674,200

2,224,785

No^*

Juglans regia L.

0.00

3,005,575

2,203,703.75

No

Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière

0.00

3,932,150

2,355,482.5

Yes

Morus alba L.

− 0.41

2,838,400

2,096,545

Yes

Morus nigra L.

0.00

2,800,000

2,411,925

Yes^*

Picea glauca (Moench) Voss

− 0.13

3,788,050

2,949,627.5

Yes^*

Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk.

− 0.31

3,740,600

2,442,805

No^*

Picea pungens Engelm.

0.29

3,579,100

2,633,280

Yes^*

Pinus banksiana Lamb.

− 0.69

3,639,950

2,799,722.5

Yes

Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.

0.00

2,951,150

2,349,182.5

Yes^*

Populus × canescens (Aiton) Sm.

0.00

3,792,200

2,180,335

No^*

Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.

0.26

3,638,150

2,458,582.5

No^*

Prunus serotine Ehrh.

− 1.50

3,681,650

2,366,707.5

Yes^*

Quercus palustris Münchh.

0.00

3,337,350

2,414,092.5

Yes^*

Quercus rubra L.

− 0.42

3,718,700

2,296,360

Yes

Quercus trojana Webb

0.00

2,000,500

1,982,450

No^*

Salix bicolor Ehrh. ex Willd.

0.00

2,389,000

2,343,875

No^*

Sambucus nigra L.

0.00

3,075,900

2,144,520

No

Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers.

0.41

2,678,650

2,374,507.5

No^*

Taxus baccata L.

0.00

3,954,050

2,086,777.5

No^*

Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don

0.00

3,843,050

2,481,177.5

Yes

Tilia cordata Mill

− 0.13

4,242,450

2,111,647.5

No^*

Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.

0.00

3,862,000

2,625,575

Yes

Ulmus laevis Pall.

0.85

4,050,900

2,541,920

No^*

Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.

0.00

2,269,850

2,077,617.5

Yes^*