Table 3 The results of the effect of liming on spider communities, soil characteristics, birch trees, and the spiders’ potential prey. The significant P values are in bold. The upper index B means that the P value was adjusted by Bonferroni correction

Spider community

Species richness

GEE-g

χ²₂ = 10.3

0.006

Activity density

GEE-p

χ²₂ = 89.8

< 0.001

CWM

GLS

F_2,24 < 0.1

0.928

FD

GEE-g

χ²₂ = 0.5

0.768

FEve

GLS

F_2,24 = 6.0

0.006

pH (H₂O)—humus horizon

GEE-g

χ²₂ = 282.4

< 0.001 ^B

pH (H₂O)—organic-mineral horizon

GEE-g

χ²₂ = 3.2

0.202

Soil characteristics

pH (KCl)—humus horizon

GEE-g

χ²₂ = 644.0

< 0.001 ^B

pH (KCl)—organic-mineral horizon

GEE-g

χ²₂ < 0.1

0.936

C—humus horizon

GLS

F_2,23 < 0.1

0.683

C—organic-mineral horizon

GEE-g

χ²₂ 4.0

0.130

N—humus horizon

GLS

F_2,23 < 0.1

0.758

N—organic-mineral horizon

GEE-g

χ²₂ 0.7

0.710

C/N—humus horizon

GLS

F_2,23 = 1.0

0.376

C/N—organic-mineral horizon

GLS

F_2,23 = 1.0

0.466

Sulfur—humus horizon

GLS

F_2,23 < 0.1

0.923

Aluminum

GLS

F_2,23 = 0.1

0.880

Birch tree

Cadmium

GLS

F_2,23 = 0.3

0.758

Copper

GLS

F_2,23 = 2.8

0.085

Lead

GLS

F_2,23 = 0.2

0.816

Mangan

GLS

F_2,23 = 0.6

0.545

Zinc

GLS

F_2,23 < 0.1

0.968

Growth rate

GEE-g

χ²₂ = 0.4

0.818

Potential prey

Overall

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 4.6

0.100

Collembola

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 4.8

0.089

Sternorrhyncha

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 12.7

0.001

Auchenorrhyncha

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 4.6

0.102

Heteroptera

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 21.6

< 0.001

Coleoptera

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 8.7

0.013

Lepidoptera

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 9.0

0.011

Diptera

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 6.0

0.049

Hymenoptera

GLM-nb

χ²₂ = 0.9

0.624