Fig. 2
From: Biomass-dominant species shape the productivity-diversity relationship in two temperate forests
Conceptual schematic diagram of individual-based PDR framework. The solid line is the index of association which is calculated from the observed dataset; the dashed lines are the confidence envelopes which can be calculated from the Monte Carlo simulation. (a) For a positive PDR, the observed line is located above the upper limit of the envelope; (b) For a neutral PDR, the observed line is within the envelope; (c) For a negative PDR, the observed line is below the lower limit of the envelope