Single-image photogrammetry for deriving tree architectural traits in mature forest stands: a comparison with terrestrial laser scanning

Kędra, Kamil; Barbeito, Ignacio; Dassot, Mathieu; Vallet, Patrick; Gazda, Anna

doi:10.1007/s13595-018-0783-x

Annals of Forest Science

Table 5 Correlations, mean absolute deviations (MAD), mean absolute percentage deviations (MAPD) and biases of selected SIP measurement in relation to TLS measurements and between two stand factors: (a) stand density and (b) species composition; the statistical tests refer to Welch t test for differences in means; and significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.1 levels were denoted by bold font and by italics, respectively

From: Single-image photogrammetry for deriving tree architectural traits in mature forest stands: a comparison with terrestrial laser scanning

Trait	Factor level	Correlation		Deviation		MAD t test			MAPD t test			Bias		Bias t test
Trait	Factor level	r	p value	MAD¹	MAPD²	t	df	p value	t	df	p value	Bias³	Bias %	t	df	p value
(a) Stand density
DBH (cm)	Lower	0.969	2.2E−16	1.66	6.73	1.219	50.12	0.228	1.953	42.63	0.057	1.46	5.70	1.130	50.24	0.264
DBH (cm)	Higher	0.971	7.17E−16	2.10	10.12	1.219	50.12	0.228	1.953	42.63	0.057	1.94	8.90	1.130	50.24	0.264
H (m)	Lower	0.896	4.79E−11	1.03	5.56	− 1.410	51.16	0.165	− 1.363	50.99	0.179	0.39	2.09	0.029	50.25	0.977
H (m)	Higher	0.950	3.74E−13	0.76	4.14	− 1.410	51.16	0.165	− 1.363	50.99	0.179	0.40	2.24	0.029	50.25	0.977
CW (m)	Lower	0.839	1.35E−08	1.06	14.34	0.318	43.95	0.752	1.331	38.05	0.191	− 0.27	− 3.56	− 1.174	49.98	0.246
CW (m)	Higher	0.767	7.67E−06	1.14	18.98	0.318	43.95	0.752	1.331	38.05	0.191	− 0.69	− 11.24	− 1.174	49.98	0.246
CWA (m)	Lower	0.863	1.76E−09	0.39	38.53	0.382	35.86	0.705	0.402	51.28	0.690	− 0.23	− 17.08	− 0.331	42.62	0.742
CWA (m)	Higher	0.783	3.78E−06	0.43	42.94	0.382	35.86	0.705	0.402	51.28	0.690	− 0.28	− 21.48	− 0.331	42.62	0.742
(b) Species composition
DBH (cm)	Pure	0.964	4.25E−14	2.10	9.84	− 1.163	47.01	0.251	− 1.561	41.55	0.126	1.93	8.61	− 1.051	47.37	0.299
DBH (cm)	Mixed	0.976	< 2.2E−16	1.68	7.07	− 1.163	47.01	0.251	− 1.561	41.55	0.126	1.48	5.94	− 1.051	47.37	0.299
H (m)	Pure	0.949	1.61E−12	0.66	3.56	2.344	50.75	0.023	2.461	49.99	0.017	0.24	1.29	1.005	50.35	0.320
H (m)	Mixed	0.928	1.64E−13	1.09	5.98	2.344	50.75	0.023	2.461	49.99	0.017	0.53	2.86	1.005	50.35	0.320
CW (m)	Pure	0.894	4.11E−09	0.86	15.43	1.988	51.81	0.052	0.548	46.62	0.587	− 0.05	− 0.89	− 2.183	51.99	0.034
CW (m)	Mixed	0.816	3.99E−08	1.29	17.33	1.988	51.81	0.052	0.548	46.62	0.587	− 0.79	− 10.30	− 2.183	51.99	0.034
CWA (m)	Pure	0.792	3.97E−06	0.38	42.37	0.368	45.41	0.715	− 0.295	50.75	0.769	− 0.19	− 15.64	− 0.849	45.61	0.401
CWA (m)	Mixed	0.809	6.25E−08	0.42	39.13	0.368	45.41	0.715	− 0.295	50.75	0.769	− 0.30	− 21.41	− 0.849	45.61	0.401

¹MAD = mean(abs(trait_SIP − trait_TLS))
²MAPD = mean(abs((trait_SIP − trait_TLS)/trait_TLS))×100
³Bias = mean(trait_SIP − trait_TLS)

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ISSN: 1297-966X

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