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Table 3 Averages of spring Tmin (°C) and SDS (DOY) for the base period and the three future periods of the RCP4.5 scenario. All differences from the base to the future periods are highly significant from the Student’s t test (P < 0.01)

From: Impacts of climate change on the gross primary production of Italian forests

Forest type

1981–2005

2006–2030

2036–2060

2066–2090

Spring Tmin

SDS

Spring Tmin

SDS

Spring Tmin

SDS

Spring Tmin

SDS

Macchia

8.2

142

9.0

136

9.9

130

10.5

130

Plain/hilly conifers

7.4

150

8.1

143

8.9

137

9.7

136

Evergreen oaks

7.2

152

8.0

147

8.9

139

9.5

139

Deciduous oaks

5.3

175

5.9

170

6.9

162

7.6

163

Chestnut

4.6

183

5.3

177

6.3

171

6.9

172

Beech

2.0

190

2.6

186

3.7

179

4.4

179

Mountain conifers

− 0.5

198

0.03

195

1.2

188

1.8

188