Table 4 Parameter settings of BIOME-BGC utilized for the seven forest types

Woody/ non-woody flag

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Evergreen/deciduous flag

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

C3/C4 flag

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Transfer growth period as fraction of growing season (prop.)

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

Litterfall as fraction of growing season (prop.)

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.02

0.3

Annual leaf and fine root turnover fraction (1/year)

0.25

0.33

0.33

1

1

1

0.33

Annual live wood turnover fraction (1/year)

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

Annual whole plant mortality fraction (1/year)

0.02

0.005

0.00625

0.01

0.0125

0.007143

0.007692

Annual fire mortality fraction (1/year)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Allocation new fine root C:new leaf C (ratio)

1

1.4

1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

Allocation new stem C:new leaf C (ratio)

0.22

1.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Allocation new live wood C:new total wood C (ratio)

1

0.071

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.071

Allocation new coarse root C:new stem C (ratio)

0.3

0.29

0.22

0.23

0.22

0.22

0.29

Allocation current growth proportion (prop.)

0.5

0.5

0.8

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

C:N of leaves (kgC/kgN)

42

42

42

25

25

25

42

C:N of leaf litter (kgC/kgN)

93

93

49

55

55

55

93

C:N of fine roots (kgC/kgN)

42

58

42

48

48

48

58

C:N of live wood (kgC/kgN)

50

58

42

48

48

48

58

C:N of dead wood (kgC/kgN)

729

730

300

550

550

550

730

Leaf litter labile proportion (dim)

0.32

0.31

0.32

0.38

0.38

0.38

0.31

Leaf litter cellulose proportion (dim)

0.44

0.45

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.45

Leaf litter lignin proportion (dim)

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.18

0.18

0.18

0.24

Fine root labile proportion (dim)

0.3

0.34

0.34

0.34

0.34

0.34

0.34

Fine root cellulose proportion (dim)

0.45

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.44

Fine root lignin proportion (dim)

0.25

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22

Dead wood cellulose proportion (dim)

0.76

0.71

0.76

0.77

0.77

0.77

0.71

Dead wood lignin proportion (dim)

0.24

0.29

0.24

0.23

0.23

0.23

0.29

Canopy water interception coefficient (1/LAI/day)

0.041

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.045

Canopy light extinction coefficient (dim)

0.5

0.51

0.7

0.54

0.54

0.54

0.51

All-sided to projected leaf area ratio (dim)

2.6

2.6

2

2

2

2

2.6

Canopy average specific leaf area (m²/kgC)

12

12

12

32

32

32

12

Ratio of shaded SLA:sunlit SLA (dim)

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Fraction of leaf N in Rubisco (dim)

0.021

0.022

0.029

0.09

0.078

0.162

0.027

Maximum stomatal conductance (m/s)

0.0018

0.0024

0.0016

0.002

0.0023

0.0045

0.0032

Cuticular conductance (m/s)

0.000018

0.000024

0.000016

0.00002

0.000023

0.000045

0.000032

Boundary layer conductance (m/s)

0.08

0.08

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.08

Leaf water potential: start of conductance reduction (MPa)

− 0.6

− 0.65

− 0.54

− 0.306

− 0.306

− 0.34

− 0.65

Leaf water potential: complete conductance reduction (MPa)

− 2.3

− 2.5

− 3.51

− 1.98

− 1.98

− 2.2

− 2.5

Vapor pressure deficit: start of conductance reduction (Pa)

930

610

1620

990

990

1100

610

Vapor pressure deficit: complete conductance reduction (Pa)

4100

3100

3690

2340

3240

3600

3100