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Fig. 1 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 1

From: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships of overstorey versus understorey trees in an old-growth temperate forest

Fig. 1

The Structural equations metamodels in the overstorey a and the understorey b. ENV, SD, PD, and FD are latent variables. ENV represents environment factors, including four observed variables: elevation (ele), aspect (asp); slope (slope), and convexity (con); BA represents basal area; SD represents species diversity, including species richness (sr), the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H), the Simpson diversity index (DS); PD represents phylogenetic diversity indices, including phylogenetic diversity (pd), the mean pairwise distance (mpd), the mean nearest taxon distance (mntd); FD represents functional diversity, including functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional dispersion (FDis); AWB is aboveground woody biomass; ABP is aboveground biomass production; sr. O represents species richness in the overstorey; AWB. O is the aboveground woody biomass of the overstorey trees

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X