Table 5 Southern California tree species most impacted by polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), Euwallacea whitfordiodendrus, and Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB), E. kuroshio
Tree species | Family | Agent | Infestation rate (%) | Severe stem injury (%) | Tree mortality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boxelder maple, Acer negundo L. | Sapindaceae | PSHB | 92.5 | 81.8 | 26.7 |
Castorbean, Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | PSHB | 71.4 | 57.1 | 21.4 |
Bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum Pursh | Sapindaceae | PSHB | 73.0 | 46.0 | 20.6 |
Arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis Benth. | Salicaceae | PSHB/KSHB | 83.3/72.1 | 8.3/52.7 | 16.7/8.1 |
Red willow, Salix laevigata Benth. | Salicaceae | PSHB | 80.1 | 46.4 | 15.9 |
Fremont cottonwood, Populus fremontii S. Watson | Salicaceae | PSHB/KSHB | 56.2/46.2 | 10.1/23.1 | 5.6/9.6 |
Goodding’s black willow, Salix gooddingii C.R. Ball | Salicaceae | PSHB/KSHB | 77.3/81.0 | 19.7/42.9 | 7.6/9.5 |
London plane, Platnus × acerifolia (Alton) Willd. | Platanaceae | PSHB/KSHB | 84.8/74.5 | 14.1/23.4 | 5.5/4.3 |
Western sycamore, Platanus racemosa Nutt. | Platanaceae | PSHB/KSHB | 80.0/78.9 | 25.9/43.9 | 2.6/3.5 |
White alder, Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. | Betulaceae | PSHB | 41.7 | 6.55 | 0.60 |