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Table 3 Results of the stepwise regression between leaf phenology or productivity dynamics indicators (Ind.) and temperature (Tm) averaged over different periods. In each case, the averaging period (day of year (DoY) and corresponding months (shaded)) corresponding to the best correlation is shown for each step of the stepwise regression. Slopes and coefficients of determination are given, as well as the coefficient of determination of the multivariate regression (Rm2). Italicized values correspond to significant (p value < 0.05) correlations, and bold values to highly significant (p-value < 0.01) correlations

From: Increasing temperatures over an 18-year period shortens growing season length in a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)-dominated forest

Indicators (Ind.)

Temperature averaging period

Indicator vs. Tm

DoY

Month

Slope (day °C−1)

R 2

R m 2

Leaf out start (LOS)

92–120

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 3.2

0.86

/

Leaf out length (LOL)

127–148

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 2.4

0.57

0.69

92–113

J F M A M J J A S O N D

0.87

0.29

Leaf out end (LOE)

106–141

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 3.4

0.61

0.87

71–106

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 1.8

0.49

15–36

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 1.0

0.38

Leaf fall start (LFS)

85–113

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 2.1

0.41

0.80

288–316

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 2.0

0.40

127–155

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 1.7

0.44

Leaf fall length (LFL)

225–253

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 3.3

0.36

0.70

281–302

J F M A M J J A S O N D

1.3

0.29

204–225

J F M A M J J A S O N D

1.4

0.32

Leaf fall end (LFE)

190–225

J F M A M J J A S O N D

2.9

0.34

0.70

92–113

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 1.8

0.31

225–253

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 2.7

0.32

Leafed period length (LL)

288–316

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 3.2

0.60

0.80

92–127

J F M A M J J A S O N D

1.3

0.28

148–35

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 1.8

0.28

Carbon uptake increase start (CUIS)

1–36

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 4.6

0.26

/

Carbon uptake increase length (CUIL)

/

J F M A M J J A S O N D

/

/

/

Carbon uptake increase end (CUIE)

106–141

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 3.1

0.32

/

Carbon uptake decrease start (CUDS)

92–113

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 8.0

0.62

0.78

162–183

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 5.7

0.43

Carbon uptake decrease length (CUDL)

211–246

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 12.0

0.48

0.79

43–64

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 3.2

0.28

85–113

J F M A M J J A S O N D

4.3

0.39

Carbon uptake decrease end (CUDE)

/

J F M A M J J A S O N D

/

/

/

Carbon uptake length (CUL)

92–113

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 6.2

0.40

0.65

162–183

J F M A M J J A S O N D

− 6.0

0.38