Impact of deadwood decomposition on soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests

Błońska, Ewa; Lasota, Jarosław; Tullus, Arvo; Lutter, Reimo; Ostonen, Ivika

doi:10.1007/s13595-019-0889-9

Annals of Forest Science

Table 2 Carbon, nitrogen, and C/N ratio of soil organic matter fractions of soils under deadwood influence in different experimental localities

From: Impact of deadwood decomposition on soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests

DC	C and N of SOM fractions	Species	Experimental localities
			Estonia			Poland
			Distance
			0 cm	10 cm	50 cm	0 cm	10 cm	50 cm
III	C_fLF	Aspen	4.2 ± 2.4^a	4.5 ± 1.6^a	10.3 ± 3.3^a	19.2 ± 7.1^a	14.7 ± 7.6^a	12.3 ± 4.3^a
		Birch	27.7 ± 8.4^a	14.9 ± 3.2^a	8.7 ± 0.4^a	32.0 ± 3.4^a	19.3 ± 3.0^a	12.1 ± 2.9^a
		Spruce	8.0 ± 0.6^b	8.0 ± 0.8^b	6.7 ± 1.6^b	57.1 ± 0.5^a	41.9 ± 8.4^a	32.2 ± 3.6^a
	C_oLF	Aspen	15.2 ± 9.9^b	14.8 ± 9.0^a	20.2 ± 12.1^a	24.0 ± 3.8^a	19.9 ± 2.2^a	17.7 ± 1.9^a
		Birch	9.3 ± 3.2^b	10.6 ± 3.4^a	7.9 ± 1.2^b	23.3 ± 2.9^a	17.8 ± 2.9^a	17.3 ± 2.0^a
		Spruce	8.4 ± 2.5^a	11.5 ± 4.3^a	7.8 ± 3.0^a	8.6 ± 2.0^a	7.5 ± 1.1^a	3.5 ± 1.0^a
	C_MAF	Aspen	14.0 ± 1.6^a	16.1 ± 2.3^a	14.8 ± 4.4^a	15.0 ± 2.8^a	6.7 ± 4.3^b	9.0 ± 0.7^a
		Birch	15.0 ± 4.0^a	21.9 ± 9.8^a	21.0 ± 11.0^a	17.1 ± 1.9^a	10.4 ± 2.2^b	9.4 ± 0.7^b
		Spruce	21.2 ± 4.2^b	21.4 ± 3.0^a	19.2 ± 2.3^a	30.2 ± 2.7^a	19.5 ± 2.9^a	20.3 ± 6.8^a
	N_fLF	Aspen	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.4 ± 0.1^a	1.0 ± 0.5^a	0.8 ± 0.4^a	0.6 ± 0.2^a
		Birch	1.1 ± 0.3^a	0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.3 ± 0.0^a	1.4 ± 0.3^a	1.0 ± 0.3^a	0.8 ± 0.2^a
		Spruce	0.2 ± 0.1^b	0.3 ± 0.0^b	0.2 ± 0.1^b	2.9 ± 0.3^a	2.1 ± 0.6^a	1.6 ± 0.3^a
	N_oLF	Aspen	1.1 ± 0.8^a	1.1 ± 0.8^a	1.5 ± 1.0^a	1.7 ± 0.5^a	1.3 ± 0.2^a	1.4 ± 0.2^a
		Birch	0.7 ± 0.3^b	0.6 ± 0.2^b	0.5 ± 0.1^b	1.8 ± 0.3^a	1.4 ± 0.1^a	1.5 ± 0.1^a
		Spruce	0.5 ± 0.2^a	0.7 ± 0.3^a	0.5 ± 0.2^a	0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.4 ± 0.0^a	0.2 ± 0.0^b
	N_MAF	Aspen	1.2 ± 0.2^a	1.5 ± 0.1^a	1.3 ± 0.4^a	1.1 ± 0.3^a	0.6 ± 0.4^b	0.8 ± 0.1^b
		Birch	1.0 ± 0.1^a	1.5 ± 0.5^a	1.3 ± 0.6^a	1.1 ± 0.3^a	0.8 ± 0.2^b	0.8 ± 0.1^a
		Spruce	1.6 ± 0.3^a	1.6 ± 0.1^a	1.5 ± 0.2^a	1.7 ± 0.1^a	1.1 ± 0.2^a	1.2 ± 0.4^a
	C/N_fLF	Aspen	24.2 ± 1.3^a	26.9 ± 0.6^a	22.7 ± 2.2^a	20.8 ± 3.8^a	17.6 ± 0.3^b	19.8 ± 2.3^a
		Birch	24.4 ± 0.8^a	27.3 ± 2.5^a	28.0 ± 2.6^a	23.4 ± 2.1^a	19.2 ± 2.8^b	15.9 ± 1.5^b
		Spruce	37.2 ± 14.3^a	29.5 ± 3.8^a	30.6 ± 3.0^a	19.9 ± 1.8^b	20.1 ± 2.3^b	19.7 ± 1.0^b
	C/N_oLF	Aspen	13.8 ± 1.0^a	13.6 ± 1.1^a	13.7 ± 1.0^a	14.6 ± 2.3^a	15.6 ± 3.8^a	12.9 ± 0.8^a
		Birch	14.7 ± 1.6^a	17.6 ± 0.6^a	15.7 ± 1.6^a	12.8 ± 0.8^a	12.7 ± 1.8^b	11.9 ± 1.5^a
		Spruce	15.6 ± 1.3^a	16.0 ± 1.2^a	15.6 ± 1.2^b	18.8 ± 1.9^a	19.3 ± 2.1^a	21.1 ± 0.7^a
	C/N_MAF	Aspen	11.4 ± 0.8^a	11.0 ± 0.6^a	11.4 ± 0.7^a	13.8 ± 0.7^a	11.4 ± 0.6^a	11.9 ± 0.7^a
		Birch	15.0 ± 2.1^a	14.3 ± 2.1^a	16.5 ± 1.8^a	15.9 ± 2.6^a	12.4 ± 0.5^a	12.6 ± 0.9^b
		Spruce	13.6 ± 2.0^b	13.6 ± 1.2^b	12.6 ± 0.8^b	18.0 ± 0.1^a	18.6 ± 0.4^a	17.1 ± 0.6^a
IV	C_fLF	Aspen	9.3 ± 1.0^b	10.4 ± 6.9^b	8.2 ± 5.7^a	48.7 ± 1.0^a	36.1 ± 5.7^a	28.6 ± 2.6^a
		Birch	42.5 ± 7.3^a	21.6 ± 8.0^a	15.4 ± 5.1^a	61.1 ± 5.3^a	36.4 ± 4.8^a	25.6 ± 4.9^a
		Spruce	13.7 ± 2.4^b	9.2 ± 0.5^b	9.3 ± 3.3^a	68.0 ± 9.2^a	35.5 ± 6.0^a	15.3 ± 2.5^a
	C_oLF	Aspen	12.9 ± 4.2^a	14.2 ± 5.6^a	17.7 ± 9.4^a	15.0 ± 7.9^a	16.3 ± 5.5^a	8.4 ± 3.7^b
		Birch	12.0 ± 5.0^b	13.9 ± 2.7^a	11.4 ± 1.0^a	22.9 ± 7.0^a	21.1 ± 5.0^a	15.3 ± 1.8^a
		Spruce	7.4 ± 1.4^b	10.4 ± 5.0^a	13.1 ± 5.3^a	18.9 ± 1.2^a	12.6 ± 3.7^a	12.7 ± 5.4^a
	C_MAF	Aspen	16.0 ± 2.0^a	17.7 ± 4.1^a	12.5 ± 4.2^a	21.0 ± 8.8^a	14.1 ± 4.3^a	15.0 ± 3.5^a
		Birch	11.7 ± 4.4^b	19.8 ± 5.7^a	23.4 ± 2.9^a	21.2 ± 3.5^a	15.2 ± 1.2^a	14.7 ± 1.9^b
		Spruce	15.2 ± 1.4^a	14.3 ± 2.9^a	13.3 ± 1.9^a	18.4 ± 1.2^a	12.2 ± 3.8^a	5.0 ± 3.4^b
	N_fLF	Aspen	0.3 ± 0.0^b	0.4 ± 0.3^b	0.3 ± 0.2^b	2.5 ± 0.2^a	1.9 ± 0.4^a	1.5 ± 0.3^a
		Birch	1.7 ± 0.4^b	0.9 ± 0.3^b	0.6 ± 0.2^a	2.7 ± 0.2^a	2.0 ± 0.3^a	1.5 ± 0.0^a
		Spruce	0.4 ± 0.1^b	0.3 ± 0.0^b	0.3 ± 0.1^a	3.6 ± 0.3^a	1.7 ± 0.2^a	0.9 ± 0.3^a
	N_oLF	Aspen	0.9 ± 0.3^a	1.0 ± 0.4^a	1.2 ± 0.6^a	0.8 ± 0.4^a	0.8 ± 0.3^a	0.5 ± 0.2^b
		Birch	0.7 ± 0.3^b	0.9 ± 0.1^a	0.7 ± 0.1^b	1.6 ± 0.5^a	1.4 ± 0.2^a	1.1 ± 0.1^a
		Spruce	0.4 ± 0.1^b	0.6 ± 0.3^a	0.8 ± 0.4^a	1.2 ± 0.3^a	0.8 ± 0.4^a	0.8 ± 0.6^a
	N_MAF	Aspen	1.2 ± 0.1^a	1.4 ± 0.2^a	1.1 ± 0.3^a	1.2 ± 0.6^a	0.8 ± 0.4^b	0.9 ± 0.4^a
		Birch	0.8 ± 0.4^a	1.3 ± 0.4^a	1.5 ± 0.3^a	1.3 ± 0.3^a	1.2 ± 0.3^a	1.0 ± 0.1^a
		Spruce	0.9 ± 0.1^a	1.0 ± 0.2^a	0.9 ± 0.1^a	1.3 ± 0.2^a	0.9 ± 0.4^a	0.4 ± 0.3^a
	C/N_fLF	Aspen	27.7 ± 3.7^a	24.1 ± 0.5^a	24.9 ± 2.3^a	19.5 ± 1.5^b	18.9 ± 0.8^a	19.3 ± 1.6^b
		Birch	26.0 ± 2.8^a	25.5 ± 1.2^a	25.9 ± 1.2^a	22.5 ± 0.6^a	17.9 ± 0.9^b	17.6 ± 3.1^b
		Spruce	34.6 ± 1.1^a	33.9 ± 3.0^a	29.7 ± 1.3^a	19.3 ± 4.0^b	20.8 ± 5.1^b	18.7 ± 4.6^b
	C/N_oLF	Aspen	14.6 ± 0.6^a	14.3 ± 0.9^b	14.1 ± 0.6^a	17.9 ± 1.3^a	19.8 ± 5.2^a	16.8 ± 1.7^a
		Birch	16.9 ± 0.8^a	15.4 ± 0.8^a	16.1 ± 1.3^a	14.5 ± 2.0^a	14.7 ± 3.5^a	14.0 ± 0.8^a
		Spruce	18.3 ± 0.9^a	17.1 ± 2.1^a	16.7 ± 1.3^a	16.0 ± 3.2^a	16.8 ± 4.9^a	17.5 ± 5.5^a
	C/N_MAF	Aspen	13.3 ± 1.6^b	13.0 ± 2.3^b	11.7 ± 0.9^b	18.5 ± 1.6^a	19.8 ± 3.5^a	18.1 ± 3.1^a
		Birch	14.7 ± 1.9^a	15.7 ± 0.9^a	15.8 ± 1.4^a	16.1 ± 2.5^a	13.7 ± 3.8^a	14.8 ± 1.7^a
		Spruce	17.0 ± 1.3^a	14.5 ± 0.1^a	14.5 ± 0.9^a	14.9 ± 3.5^a	14.9 ± 4.1^a	13.0 ± 3.1^a
V	C_fLF	Aspen	14.3 ± 5.3^b	6.0 ± 3.5^b	11.0 ± 6.7^a	172.8 ± 44.6^a	63.8 ± 24.2^a	31.4 ± 11.5^a
		Birch	61.0 ± 26.5^b	52.2 ± 25.5^a	42.1 ± 26.6^a	85.6 ± 14.6^a	40.9 ± 1.9^a	25.0 ± 6.9^a
		Spruce	22.4 ± 2.7^b	10.0 ± 3.2^b	9.3 ± 3.3^b	134.3 ± 56.8^a	83.2 ± 25.8^a	53.8 ± 22.2^a
	C_oLF	Aspen	15.9 ± 3.0^a	14.3 ± 4.0^a	17.5 ± 5.7^a	5.0 ± 6.8^b	15.9 ± 6.0^a	14.0 ± 10.9^a
		Birch	18.2 ± 11.8^b	14.5 ± 6.5^a	10.0 ± 4.6^a	29.1 ± 8.7^a	17.1 ± 3.0^a	15.8 ± 7.8^a
		Spruce	13.7 ± 3.1^a	12.7 ± 2.6^a	9.9 ± 4.0^a	13.7 ± 4.7^a	7.2 ± 2.3^a	6.6 ± 3.0^a
	C_MAF	Aspen	21.5 ± 6.7^b	13.5 ± 3.9^a	8.1 ± 2.7^b	40.5 ± 9.8^a	14.5 ± 3.3^a	17.9 ± 3.1^a
		Birch	23.4 ± 7.3^a	19.1 ± 4.3^a	15.9 ± 2.3^a	25.7 ± 3.6^a	19.7 ± 1.3^a	18.1 ± 1.2^a
		Spruce	20.1 ± 3.4^b	19.4 ± 1.5^b	16.4 ± 1.5^b	54.5 ± 7.6^a	36.8 ± 6.3^a	24.9 ± 2.7^a
	N_fLF	Aspen	0.5 ± 0.3^b	0.2 ± 0.1^b	0.6 ± 0.4^b	9.0 ± 1.7^a	3.3 ± 1.1^a	1.5 ± 0.7^a
		Birch	2.7 ± 1.2^b	2.3 ± 1.0^a	1.8 ± 1.1^a	4.5 ± 0.1^a	2.5 ± 0.1^a	1.5 ± 0.5^a
		Spruce	0.8 ± 0.1^b	0.4 ± 0.1^b	0.4 ± 0.2^b	6.2 ± 1.8^a	3.9 ± 1.2^a	2.6 ± 1.0^a
	N_oLF	Aspen	0.9 ± 0.2^a	1.0 ± 0.4^a	1.0 ± 0.4^a	0.5 ± 0.4^a	1.0 ± 0.4^a	0.8 ± 0.7^a
		Birch	0.7 ± 0.1^b	1.0 ± 0.8^a	0.7 ± 0.5^a	1.6 ± 0.1^a	1.1 ± 0.2^a	1.0 ± 0.5^a
		Spruce	0.9 ± 0.2^a	0.9 ± 0.3^a	0.7 ± 0.3^a	0.7 ± 0.3^a	0.4 ± 0.2^a	0.4 ± 0.3^a
	N_MAF	Aspen	1.4 ± 0.3^b	1.1 ± 0.2^a	0.8 ± 0.4^a	2.0 ± 0.6^a	0.8 ± 0.0^a	1.1 ± 0.2^a
		Birch	1.4 ± 0.2^a	1.1 ± 0.2^a	1.0 ± 0.1^a	1.7 ± 0.6^a	1.5 ± 0.4^a	1.5 ± 0.3^a
		Spruce	1.5 ± 0.1^b	1.5 ± 0.1^a	1.4 ± 0.0^a	2.7 ± 0.8^a	1.9 ± 0.7^a	1.5 ± 0.5^a
	C/N_fLF	Aspen	29.9 ± 5.3^a	24.9 ± 1.8^a	20.9 ± 6.9^a	19.0 ± 1.7^b	19.0 ± 2.0^b	21.7 ± 5.0^a
		Birch	22.8 ± 1.6^a	22.8 ± 2.7^a	23.4 ± 1.6^a	18.9 ± 2.8^a	16.3 ± 1.5^b	17.2 ± 3.2^b
		Spruce	28.8 ± 1.6^a	25.5 ± 3.1^a	26.1 ± 4.2^a	21.3 ± 3.3^b	21.4 ± 3.3^a	20.8 ± 3.3^a
	C/N_oLF	Aspen	18.6 ± 6.0^a	14.4 ± 1.1^a	18.4 ± 5.9^a	17.3 ± 2.5^a	16.7 ± 1.6^a	17.8 ± 2.4^a
		Birch	28.5 ± 22.2^a	15.7 ± 3.9^a	15.6 ± 3.9^a	17.7 ± 4.0^a	15.7 ± 0.9^a	15.5 ± 1.1^a
		Spruce	15.0 ± 0.8^b	14.0 ± 2.0^a	15.2 ± 1.7^b	20.7 ± 3.0^a	16.6 ± 1.9^a	20.0 ± 6.6^a
	C/N_MAF	Aspen	15.0 ± 1.3^b	12.3 ± 1.6^b	10.8 ± 1.6^b	20.1 ± 1.8^a	17.5 ± 3.9^a	16.4 ± 1.0^a
		Birch	16.3 ± 2.1^a	17.7 ± 2.1^a	15.3 ± 2.3^a	16.4 ± 7.0^a	13.7 ± 2.8^b	12.6 ± 1.6^a
		Spruce	13.6 ± 2.3^b	12.6 ± 0.5^b	11.8 ± 1.1^b	20.8 ± 4.6^a	20.7 ± 4.9^a	16.9 ± 3.6^a

(Mean ± Std. deviation); DC, decay classes; 0, 10, and 50, distance from logs; C_fLF, carbon of free light fraction (g kg⁻¹); C_oLF, carbon of occluded light fraction (g kg⁻¹); C_MAF, carbon of mineral associated fraction (g kg⁻¹); N_fLF, nitrogen of free light fraction (g kg⁻¹); N_oLF, nitrogen of occluded light fraction (g kg⁻¹); N_MAF, nitrogen of mineral associated fraction (g kg⁻¹); C/N_fLF, C/N ratio of free light fraction; C/N_oLF, C/N ratio of occluded light fraction; C/N_MAF, C/N ratio of mineral associated fraction; different lowercase alphabets in the upper index mean significant differences of parameters between soils from Estonia and Poland

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