Effects of Quercus rubra L. on soil properties and humus forms in 50-year-old and 80-year-old forest stands of Lombardy plain

Ferré, Chiara; Comolli, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s13595-019-0893-0

Annals of Forest Science

Table 5 Mixed model results: estimates and standard error of the fixed effects. The response variables are the properties of organic horizons and mineral layers; the fixed effect is forest types: MF and ROF

From: Effects of Quercus rubra L. on soil properties and humus forms in 50-year-old and 80-year-old forest stands of Lombardy plain

Variable	Residual model	Site		Statistic	Intercept	MF	ROF		Variable	Residual model	Site		Statistic	Intercept	MF	ROF
OC_OL	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	0.6534	− 01486	0		pH_w3	Non-spatial	BV	g	Estimate	1.3018	− 0.5318	0
				SE	0.0439	0.0613	.						SE	1.0067	1.9710	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	< .0001	.	*					Pr > \|t\|	0.2100	0.7900	.
	Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	0.5838	− 0.2065	0			Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	4.6222	− 0.0222	0
				SE	0.0415	0.0651	.						SE	0.0351	0.0531	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0027	.	*					Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.6821	.
OC_OF	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	0.2796	− 0.0517	0		CN₁	Sp. (Sph)	BV		Estimate	15.7999	− 2.3944	0
				SE	0.0486	0.0778	.						SE	0.5393	0.7479	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.5136	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0086	.	*
	Non-spatial	BG	g	Estimate	0.3855	− 0.9739	0			Sp. (Sph.)	BG	g	Estimate	16.4088	− 0.7521	0
				SE	0.1610	0.2558	.						SE	0.2595	0.4062	.
				Pr > \|t\|	0.0207	0.0004	.	*					Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0704	.	+
OC_O	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	0.8998	− 0.2925	0		CN₂	Sp. (Sph)	BV		Estimate	16.3066	− 3.2997	0
				SE	0.0672	0.09384	.						SE	0.7566	1.0508	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0035	.	*					Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0098	.	*
	Non-spatial	BG	g	Estimate	0.5893	− 1.4438				Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	16.0981	− 0.3535	0
				SE	0.1262	0.1976							SE	0.2496	0.3906	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	< .0001		*					Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.3701	.
SOC₁	Sp. (Sph)	BV		Estimate	4.5447	1.7487	0		CN₃	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	14.1472	− 1.1819	0
				SE	0.8135	1.1601	.						SE	0.5447	0.8613	.
				Pr > \|t\|	0.0004	0.1714	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.1809	.
	Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	5.5028	− 0.6568	0			Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	15.9222	0.0920	0
				SE	0.3338	0.5226	.						SE	0.6984	1.0559	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.2150	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.9318	.
SOC₂	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	2.6605	0.4369	0		Pav	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	11.5621	− 0.7432	0
				SE	0.2131	0.2975	.						SE	1.2848	1.7710	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.1504	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.6772	.
	Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	2.1293	− 0.5851	0			Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	16.6067	− 2.5337	0
				SE	0.0693	0.1086	.						SE	1.0558	1.6526	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	< .0001	.	*					Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.1319	.
SOC₃	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	1.0882	− 0.1119	0		BD	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	0.8784	− 0.1638	0
				SE	0.1148	0.1583	.						SE	0.0347	0.0479	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.4840	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0016	.
	Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	1.1722	− 0.1179	0			Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	0.8424	− 0.0128	0
				SE	0.0478	0.0722	.						SE	0.0443	0.0693	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.1250	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.8536	.
SOC_stock	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	10.9149	0.9134	0		BD	Non-spatial	BV		Estimate	1.0822	0.0819	0
				SE	0.6688	0.9340	.						SE	0.0488	0.0673	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.3345	.						Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.2319	.
	Sp. (Sph)	BG		Estimate	12.0364	− 3.7203	0			Non-spatial	BG		Estimate	1.1673	0.0054	0
				SE	1.3691	1.5879	.						SE	0.0348	0.0545	.
				Pr > \|t\|	0.0056	0.0350	.	*					Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.9214	.
pH_w1	Non-spatial	BV	g	Estimate	− 0.6133	1.2496	0
				SE	0.1777	0.2480	.
				Pr > \|t\|	0.0015	< .0001	.	*
	Sp. (Sph)	BG		estimate	4.1371	0.2824	0
				SE	0.0877	0.1183	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.0376	.	*
pH_w2	Non-spatial	BV	g	Estimate	− 0.4729	1.3076	0
				SE	0.4449	0.6607	.
				Pr > \|t\|	0.3547	0.1245	.
	Non-spatial	NF		Estimate	4.5483	− 0.0082	0
				SE	0.0265	0.0415	.
				Pr > \|t\|	< .0001	0.8430	.

Sp. (Sph), the spatial covariance function of residuals was the Spherical model; non-spatial, the residuals were spatially uncorrelated
*p < 0.05 and + p < 0.1 denote statistically significant differences between forest types; g defines Gaussian variable

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ISSN: 1297-966X

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