Table 2 Summary table of oak characteristics and herbivory damage per size category class at the three forest patches (Cardedeu, Martorell and Cervelló) where intra-patch differences in herbivory were analysed. Numeric variables are expressed as mean ± standard error. % heterozygosity refers to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. Genetic cluster indicates the percentage of individuals assigned to one of the five clusters identified (see Section 3). Distance to mature oaks is the inverse of the mean distance. Herbivory is expressed as the % of leaf surface consumed (see Section 2 for further details)

Cardedeu

443,704.362

4,608,785.4

1

2.4 ± 1.2

0.29 ± 0.11

45

10

0

2

43

21.5 ± 8.4

0.0040 ± 0.0004

10.1 ± 8.9

2

4.7 ± 1.5

0.26 ± 0.10

38

7

14

14

27

21.2 ± 9.8

0.0041 ± 0.0004

7.5 ± 6.3

3

10.7 ± 3.0

0.24 ± 0.08

68

5

0

20

7

22.4 ± 9.1

0.0059 ± 0.0003

3.2 ± 3.5

4

17.6 ± 4.3

0.23 ± 0.06

52

3

21

21

3

17.4 ± 8.3

0.0065 ± 0.0010

1.6 ± 1.6

5

19.8 ± 5.2

0.24 ± 0.08

5

5

45

30

15

4.4 ± 4.1

0.0060 ± 0.0004

3.1 ± 0.2

Martorell

413,672.565

4,583,290.7

1

2.9 ± 1.6

0.21 ± 0.06

28

3

0

67

2

11.3 ± 5.0

0.0116 ± 0.0053

15.0 ± 15.8

2

4.9 ± 1.7

0.22 ± 0.05

19

0

19

62

0

12.8 ± 6.3

0.0116 ± 0.0056

14.2 ± 15.3

3

7.9 ± 2.9

0.20 ± 0.07

22

0

8

70

0

12.4 ± 5.8

0.0128 ± 0.0068

7.2 ± 4.7

4

13.4 ± 5.3

0.22 ± 0.07

10

0

3

84

3

16.0 ± 5.0

0.0133 ± 0.0044

5.7 ± 7.2

5

23.0 ± 5.9

0.25 ± 0.05

16

0

32

52

0

17.0 ± 5.4

0.0386 ± 0.0097

2.1 ± 0.3

Cervelló

408,533.297

4,593,310.0

1

3.1 ± 1.4

0.19 ± 0.07

59

0

8

32

1

12.9 ± 7.7

0.0148 ± 0.0105

11.2 ± 9.5

2

4.7 ± 1.6

0.18 ± 0.07

57

4

4

35

0

9.9 ± 6.2

0.0136 ± 0.0114

5.9 ± 5.7

3

8.5 ± 2.9

0.20 ± 0.05

50

0

0

46

4

10.7 ± 6.6

0.0146 ± 0.0114

4.5 ± 5.7

4

15.5 ± 4.7

0.18 ± 0.06

20

0

33

47

0

13.7 ± 5.8

0.0178 ± 0.0043

2.8 ± 0.9

5

24.0 ± 4.4

0.22 ± 0.03

3

27

55

0

15

16.2 ± 3.3

0.0185 ± 0.0062

0.9 ± 0.1