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Fig. 3 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 3

From: Morphological variation of fine root systems and leaves in primary and secondary tropical forests of Hainan Island, China

Fig. 3

Least-squares mean (points) with 95% confidence intervals (vertical bars) for three morphological leaf traits. Leaf area (a), specific leaf area (SLA) (b), and leaf thickness (c) by forest type and plant family using data from 423 individuals from 72 species sampled along a 6.6-km transect from secondary to primary forests. Values were predicted from linear models fit to field data in the form of trait ~ forest type × species|family. The colored bars are predicted values by family, and the black bars are predicted values with respect to forest type. Count data for the number of individuals and species (in parenthesis) per family along the transect are shown in the legend. Letters denote the statistical groupings by forest type of a post-hoc Tukey HSD test

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