Table 1 Sample sizes and genetic diversity of different subsets of a genotyped Quercus robur seedling cohort, classified according to the origin (i.e. the mother tree), dispersal status and establishment habitat of seedlings, respectively. Data are shown for two surveys performed on the same individuals at seedling emergence and at an age of 3 years. The column n_Seedlings indicates the number of seedlings belonging to a given group and n_Trees the number of mother trees that have contributed descendants to this group. The following columns indicate the observed values of gene diversity (H_E) and inbreeding coefficient (F_IS) for the two types of molecular markers used (SNP and SSR) and allelic richness (A_r) for 8 SSRs

All

Emergence

798

-^b

0.43 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.14

0.01 ± 0.05

0.01 ± 0.02

9.47

8.38

10.75

3 years

250

-^b

0.41 ± 0.11

0.76 ± 0.13

0.01 ± 0.08

0.01 ± 0.02

9.36

8.25

10.63

Seedling origin

 Local

Emergence

656

110

0.43 ± 0.11

0.76 ± 0.17

0.01 ± 0.06

0.01 ± 0.03

9.34

8.13

10.50

3 years

204

65

0.43 ± 0.12

0.74 ± 0.16

0.01 ± 0.07

0.00 ± 0.03

9.08

7.88

10.25

 Immigrant

Emergence

142

-^b

0.42 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.13

0.03 ± 0.10

0.04* ± 0.04

9.68

8.50

10.88

3 years

46

-^b

0.42 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.13

0.03 ± 0.17

0.04* ± 0.02

9.64

8.38

10.75

Dispersal status (only local seedlings)

 Animal dispersed

Emergence

368

87

0.41 ± 0.12

0.78 ± 0.14

0.02 ± 0.07

0.00 ± 0.04

9.42

8.25

10.75

3 years

156

60

0.40 ± 0.13

0.77 ± 0.13

0.01 ± 0.08

0.00 ± 0.04

9.1

8.00

10.25

 Non-dispersed

Emergence

288

60

0.42 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.13

0.00 ± 0.09

0.01 ± 0.03

9.05

8.00

10.13

3 years

48

18

0.42 ± 0.11

0.77 ± 0.14

0.00 ± 0.16

0.00 ± 0.08

8.3

7.38

9.38

Habitat of establishment (only local, animal-dispersed seedlings)

 Broadleaved forest

Emergence

99^c

48

0.42 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.13

0.08* ± 0.12

− 0.01 ± 0.08

9.37

8.13

10.75

3 years

21^c

16

0.43 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.14

0.10* ± 0.21

0.03 ± 0.08

7.66

6.63

8.50

 Open area

Emergence

216

63

0.42 ± 0.11

0.79 ± 0.14

0.00 ± 0.08

0.02 ± 0.04

9.2

7.88

10.50

3 years

105

43

0.42 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.14

− 0.01 ± 0.11

0.00 ± 0.04

8.96

7.75

10.13

 Pine plantation

Emergence

53

32

0.42 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.13

− 0.02 ± 0.17

− 0.05* ± 0.04

8.57

7.50

9.50

3 years

30

21

0.42 ± 0.11

0.76 ± 0.14

− 0.03 ± 0.17

− 0.04* ± 0.07

8.13

7.13

9.00