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Fig. 1 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 1

From: Variation in leaf anatomy, vascular traits and nanomechanical cell-wall properties among European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances

Fig. 1

Lignin autofluorescence images of primary xylem in the leaf midrib (left images), atomic force microscopy (AFM) peak force error images (middle images) and AFM flatten height images (right images) of neighbouring cell wall surfaces of the tracheary elements. Scale bars for the provenance 30 sample: 50 μm for the fluorescence microscopy image, and 1.5 μm for AFM images. Scale bars for the provenance 55 sample: 50 μm for the fluorescence microscopy image, and 1.9 μm for AFM images. Arrows show contrasts in sizes of tracheary element lumen areas. Tracheary elements with larger lumen areas (typical for the provenance 55) support a fast and efficient water transport to leaf tissues, whereas tracheary elements with smaller lumen areas (typical for the provenance 30) indicate a safety against embolism in drought-affected periods

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X