Variation in leaf anatomy, vascular traits and nanomechanical cell-wall properties among European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances

Table 3 Kruskal-Wallis tests of inter-provenance differences in leaf nanomechanical, vascular and structural traits

Variable	DF	χ²	P	R²
Adhesion	7	13.307	0.0650	0.6244
Deformation	7	11.320	0.1253	0.5971
Dissipation	7	6.373	0.4970	0.3364
Modulus of elasticity	7	12.640	0.0814	0.5070
Tracheary element lumen area	14	15.180	0.3659	0.2119
Tracheary element density	14	12.688	0.5512	0.1902
F	14	20.838	0.1059	0.3541
S	14	13.828	0.4626	0.1825
Conductivity	14	12.649	0.5543	0.2475
Leaf thickness	14	16.528	0.2822	0.2767
Mesophyll thickness	14	16.874	0.2630	0.2983
Palisade parenchyma thickness	14	12.516	0.5649	0.2142
Spongy parenchyma thickness	14	21.218	0.0962	0.3446

ISSN: 1297-966X