Fig. 3From: Competition overrides climate as trigger of growth decline in a mixed Fagaceae Mediterranean rear-edge forestGrowth (BAI, basal area increment) of the three species studied since 1971. We fitted a 30-year-long cubic smoothing spline for each species to highlight BAI decadal to multi-decadal variations. The rigidity of the splines was chosen visually. Note the sharp BAI drop in 2017 observed in beech due to a spring frostBack to article page